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Characterization – Instrumentation - Remediation Trap & Treat BOS 200

Remediation of Petroleum LNAPL

MSECA 2012

Characterization – Instrumentation - Remediation

BOS 100 - Solvents BOS 200 – Hydrocarbons


• Heterogeneous Lithology

• Formation Impact and Penetration

• Back-Diffusion of Contaminants from Tight Lithology

• Contaminant Rebound

• LNAPL Transmissivity & Recovery

• Biological Effectiveness & Time Frame

• Mechanical Remediation Limitations

• Total Mass Reduction

• Effective Results.


Obstacles with Traditional In-Situ Remedial Methods

Trap & Treat® BOS 200® Chemistry

• 80% Powdered Activated Carbon

• Blended with Sulfate Reduction Material

• Electron Acceptors (Oxygen, Nitrate, Ammonia Sulfate)

• Blended with Micronutrients (Phosphorous/Nitrogen)

• Injected with Trap & Treat® Bacteria Concentrate

• High Pressure Injection @ 400 PSI

• Soaks up Contamination Like a Sponge (Trap)

• Hydrocarbons are Adsorbed to BOS 200® Particles

• Draws Contamination to Remedial Agent (Treat)

• Biological Process Rapidly Degrades Contamination

• Works in Aerobic to Anaerobic Conditions

•Oxidation to Sulfate Reduction


Trap & Treat ® BOS Product

BOS 200 ®


• Contaminant Absorption – Immediate Reductions Realized

• Microorganisms + Electron Donors + Electron Acceptors + Nutrients

• The Result is metabolic by-products + energy + new microorganisms

• Petroleum Degrading Microorganisms are the Bugs

• Hydrocarbon Contaminants are the Electron Donors

• Initial Oxygen Release During Injection – Aerobic Results

• Time Release Sulfate (Gypsum/Calcium Sulfate Source)

• Nitrate reduction, Fe+3 reduction, Sulfate reduction

• Last stop is methanogenic respiration.



BOS 200 ®


• BOS 200 ® Product Innoculated with Custom Bacteria

• Slurry Elevates GW Concentrations of Nitrate, Sulfate, and Chloride

• Contaminant Levels Drop Overnight

• Nitrate Levels 50-250 PPM

• Sulfate Levels 200-1500 PPM

• Chloride Levels 50-150 PPM

• Microbes First Utilize Oxygen

• First 2 Months Includes De-Nitrification (Nitrate is Acceptor)

• Fermentation

• Sulfate Reduction

•Methanogenic Respiration



BOS 200 ®



• Granular Activated Carbon

• Impregnated with an Elemental Iron

• Heated to High Temperature

• Creates a Highly Active and Extensive Metallic Iron Surface Area

• 200 to 250 m2/gram compared to ZVI powder – 20 to 40m2/gram

• Mix Into Slurry & Inject into Subsurface

• Chlorinated Contaminants Adsorb to BOS 100® Particles (Trap)

• Draws Contamination to Iron Infused with Carbon (Treat)

• Works Very Quickly (50 X Faster Than Conventional Iron Products)

• Effectively Controls any Toxic Daughter Products



BOS 100 ®


• Immediate Plume Control

• Immediate Mass Reduction

• Non-Toxic (Regulatory Acceptance)

• Contaminant Adsorption

• Tight Lithology Separation/Fracking.

• Better Contact with Formation

• Works Over a Greater Lithological Range

• Provide Economic Flexibility, Time vs. Cost

• Passive System – Easily Deployed

• Overall Effectiveness & Results



Advantages


• BOS 200® Sites – (10) Kentucky, (2) Florida, (1) Ohio, (2) West Virginia, (1) Indiana, (1) Iowa, (1) North Carolina, (1) Denmark. •BOS 100® Sites – (4) Kentucky, (1) Georgia, (1) North Carolina, (1) South Carolina, (1) Missouri, (1) Sweden – Ejlskov. •95% of sites achieved remedial objectives including: (8) NFAs, (2) Managed Closures, Remainder of Sites in Different Stages of Long Term Monitoring or Waiting Full Scale Implementation. • LNAPL Sites • Indiana – Bloomington – Pilot Test – Doug Bartz IDEM



Success


• Focus on Minimizing Costs & Achieving Remedial Goals • Precision Evaluation = Remedial Success • Remedial Design & Implementation



AST Remedial Approach


Status of Mass Released:

•Estimate the contaminant mass (i.e. free phase, sorbed phase and dissolved phase).

•Spatial distribution (vertical and horizontal) of the contaminant mass.

•If present, estimate the free phase mass present.



Conceptual Site Model




Injection Grid – Uniform Horizontal Spacing

IMP-1

IMP-2

IMP-3

IMP-4

MW-8




Typical “Top-Down” Injection


• BOS 200® for Treatment of Petroleum LNAPL



Project Summary – Iowa City Terminal – Coralville IA


• Coralville, Iowa •66-acre refined products terminal •Iowa Department of Natural Resources (IDNR) •Investigations and Remediation – 1991 •LNAPL and dissolved phase petroleum hydrocarbons in five monitoring wells •Silt and Clay with discontinuous sand stringers •1997 AST & RPI Teamed to Complete Remedial Efforts on-site



Project Background




Bench Adsorption Test

• Vial No. 1 – 5 ml LNAPL, 10 ml. reagent, 5 grams carbon

• Vial No. 2 – 10 ml LNAPL, 10 ml. reagent, 5 grams carbon

• Vial No. 1 – No visible LNAPL, Capacity - Greater than 80% wt

• Vial No. 2 – 9 mm LNAPL remaining

(59% LNAPL adsorbed), Capacity - ~94% wt.


• Impacted Wells: MW-23, EP-01B, EP-26, EP-27, MW-47D (0.1 to 1 foot of free product) •Silt and Clay with discontinuous sand stringers. •Remedial Goals: Remove LNAPL and Achieve Dissolved Phase Standards. •BOS 200® Loadings in Impacted Saturated Zone averaged 0.81 lbs/ft3 – loadings varied with depth.

•Targeted Injection Area – ~500 s.f. around each well, injection zone varied for each area from 13 to 33 feet bgs. •65 injection points, 585 injections, 24,750 lbs BOS 200®

~50 gallons of concentrated bacteria.



Full Scale Design


• December 10, 2007 •Top Down Injection through Direct Push Rods. •Positive Displacement Diaphragm Pump (1,200 psi at 35 gpm). •Injection Pressure varied from 200 to 400 psi.

•Pressure Injection (fracturing and soil lifting in silts).

•Radial mixing in sands.



Installation




Installation


September 2008, IDNR issued a “No Further Action” for LNAPL and Dissolved Phase



Results


Trap & Treat® Application:

• AST is Sole Distributor in Midwest

• Site Evaluation

• Remedial Design & Implementation

• Project Summaries Available

• >95% Remedial Objectives Met

• Pay-For-Performance

• State Approval:

California, Oregon, Washington, Utah, Arizona, Colorado,

Wyoming, Kansas, Texas, Iowa, Indiana, Ohio, Florida,

Georgia, Tennessee, North Carolina, South Carolina, West

Virginia, Kentucky, New Jersey, Connecticut



AST Environmental, Inc.


• How do we explain the question of how much product and LNAPL contamination is reduced due to the biodegradation properties of BOS 200, and how much to contaminants adsorbed by the activated carbon in the BOS 200?



Carbon Adsorption vs. Total Contaminant Reduction

characterization trap & treat instrumentation ... · obstacles with traditional in-situ remedial...

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