characteristics & properties. what is a mineral? must meet 5 characteristics one of these is an...
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Characteristics & Properties
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What is a Mineral?
Must meet 5 characteristics
One of these is an mineral and the other is not…
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Naturally Occurring
The growing process must occur in the natural world
Heating/cooling processes in magma
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Inorganic
Cannot form from materials that were once part of a living thing
Coal
Obsidian
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Solid
Definite volume & shape
The particles must be pressed tightly together
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Crystal Structure
The particles must line up in a pattern= that forms a crystal
Flat sides are faces
Faces meet at edges and corners
http://nanocrystallography.net/images/swpb3.pdf
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Definite Chemical Compound
This means that a mineral always contains certain elements in definite proportions
Almost all minerals are compounds
Their properties will be different from the
Some elements can be a mineral
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NO Naturally Occurring
Illegal Inorganic
Science Solid
'Cause Crystal
Science Structure
Can -
Definitely Definite
Cause Chemical
Catastrophes Compound
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Identifying Minerals
Gold PyriteChalcopyrite
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ColorPhysical property
Can only be used to ID a few minerals
Many minerals have the same color
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Streak
Color of the powder form of the mineral
Not always the same as the physical color of the mineral
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Luster of Minerals
Metallic Glassy Waxy, Greasy, Pearly
Submetallic/Dull Silky Earthy
Luster how light reflects from the faces of the crystal
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Heft/Density
Mass in a given space (mass/volume)
Heft- picking up and feeling – has to be done with minerals of similar sizes
Find density using displacement
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Hardness
Moh’s Hardness Scale
A mineral can scratch any mineral softer than itself
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Crystal Structure
Geologists classify the crystal structures into 6 groups
Structure is obvious when grown with plenty of space
Crystals grown in tight spaces are often incomplete
Some only visible under microscope
Opal is the exception to the rule- no crystal structure
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Crystal StructuresCubic Hexagonal Tetragonal
Orthorhombic Monoclinic Triclinic
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Cleavage & FractureCleavage:
splits easily along flat surfaces
Depends on arrangement of atoms
Fracture
How a mineral looks when it breaks apart in a irregular way
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Special Properties
Fluorescence
Electrical Properties
Optical Properties
Reactivity
Magnetism
Calcite
AragoniteMagnetite