Characteristics of Life

Opening Questions:

1.How many bacteria do you think cover your body?

2.Are all of them bad bacteria?

Characteristics of LifeCharacteristics of Life1. 6 billion—

Extremely small and can fit

2. Not all bacteria are bad…actually the ones on your skin (known as NORMAL FLORA)

help to keep the bad ones away….

http://textbookofbacteriology.net/normalflora.html

Main Learning OutcomeMain Learning Outcome

Describe the levels of organization of life.

(3.1.10 A1, 3.1.10 A2 and 3.1.10 A5)

1. BIOLOGY1. BIOLOGYThe study of lifeThe study of life

Bio-Bio-LifeLife

ology-ology-study ofstudy of

A. Introductory Terms

2. ORGANISM2. ORGANISM

Any living thingAny living thing

3. BIOSPHERE3. BIOSPHERE

A thin layer of air, land and A thin layer of air, land and water that is home to all water that is home to all living things on Earth.living things on Earth.

B. Characteristic of B. Characteristic of LifeLife

Characteristics that Characteristics that organisms possess to make organisms possess to make

them livingthem living

1.Organization1.Organization

1.1. The CELL is The CELL is technically the technically the

SMALLEST unit SMALLEST unit of life.of life.

a. But the cell is made up a. But the cell is made up of nonliving of nonliving molecules.molecules.

b. Smaller molecules b. Smaller molecules come together to come together to make larger make larger moleculesmolecules

C. The larger molecules then C. The larger molecules then come together to make up the cellcome together to make up the cell

(Atoms, compounds, molecules (Atoms, compounds, molecules all NONliving)all NONliving)

2. When cells of the 2. When cells of the same type same type

performing the same performing the same function come function come

together it is calledtogether it is called

TISSUE.TISSUE.

3. When tissue of the same type 3. When tissue of the same type performing the same performing the same

function come together it is function come together it is called ancalled an

ORGAN.ORGAN.a.a. ExamplesExamples

b. Leaf and heartb. Leaf and heart

4. When many organs come 4. When many organs come together to perform certain together to perform certain

functions is called anfunctions is called an

ORGAN SYSTEM.ORGAN SYSTEM.a.a. ExamplesExamples

b. roots, stems, leaves and b. roots, stems, leaves and cardiovascular system cardiovascular system

(heart, veins, arteries and (heart, veins, arteries and capillaries/blood vessels)capillaries/blood vessels)

5. When many organ systems 5. When many organ systems come together to perform come together to perform

many different functions they many different functions they become an become an

ORGANISM.ORGANISM.a.a. ExamplesExamples

b. Tree and Zebrab. Tree and Zebra

Opening Questions:1. 1. What is the 1st thing that

something needs to have to be living?

2. 2. What are the levels of organization of a

multicellular organism?

3. TURN IN ANSWER

Opening Questions:

1. 1. ONE cell

2. 2. Cell----Tissue----Organ----Organ System-----Organism

Main Learning OutcomeMain Learning Outcome

Describe the levels of organization of life.

(3.1.10 A1, 3.1.10 A2 and 3.1.10 A5)

2. Energy Use2. Energy UseLiving things take in energy Living things take in energy

through nutrients or sunlight through nutrients or sunlight and use it to perform life’s and use it to perform life’s

processes.processes.

3. Growth and 3. Growth and DevelopmentDevelopment

GrowthGrowth

Increase in sizeIncrease in size

Adding cellsAdding cells

Development Development

Change in formChange in form

4. Reproduction4. Reproduction Two things organisms can Two things organisms can

reproducereproduce

1.1. Making new lifeMaking new life

2. Making new cells2. Making new cells

Two waysTwo ways

a.a. ASEXUAL reproductionASEXUAL reproduction

Involves one organism usually Involves one organism usually just splitting in two just splitting in two

(unicellular organisms only)(unicellular organisms only)

b. SEXUAL reproductionb. SEXUAL reproduction Involves the union of a Involves the union of a

sperm and an egg cell sperm and an egg cell (multi-cellular organisms (multi-cellular organisms

usually)usually)

5. Response and Adaptation5. Response and Adaptation

Adjustment to stimuli in the Adjustment to stimuli in the environmentenvironment

a.a. Examples of ResponsesExamples of Responses

1.1. Unicellular organisms can Unicellular organisms can use their flagellum or cilia to use their flagellum or cilia to

move away from light or move away from light or towards chemical energytowards chemical energy

2. Plants leaves turn towards 2. Plants leaves turn towards the sunthe sun

3. Sharks can smell blood 3. Sharks can smell blood miles away.miles away.

Adaptation—Adaptation—Long term change to Long term change to

stimulistimuli

Characteristics of LifeCharacteristics of Life1. Organization---one cell1. Organization---one cell

2. Energy Use2. Energy Use3. Growth and Development3. Growth and Development

4. Reproduction4. Reproduction5. Response and Adaptation5. Response and Adaptation

OPENING QUESTION

What is the difference between a population, community and

ecosystem?

C. Difference C. Difference between Living, between Living,

Nonliving and DeadNonliving and Dead

1. LIVING1. LIVINGSomething that possess Something that possess ALL of the Characteristics of ALL of the Characteristics of

Life at the present time.Life at the present time.

2. DEAD2. DEADSomething or a part of Something or a part of something that had once something that had once

possessed all the possessed all the Characteristics but no longer Characteristics but no longer

doesdoes

3. NONLIVING3. NONLIVINGSomething that does not Something that does not and never did possess all and never did possess all

the Characteristicsthe Characteristics

B. Extension of Biological B. Extension of Biological OrganizationOrganization

1.1. When many of the same When many of the same ORGANISMS (species) ORGANISMS (species) live together in the same live together in the same area they are called a area they are called a

POPULATION.POPULATION.

a. Examplea. Example

b. African Zebras on a b. African Zebras on a plainplain

2. When many of different 2. When many of different populations live together populations live together

in the same area they in the same area they are called a are called a

COMMUNITY.COMMUNITY.

a. Examplea. Exampleb. African Zebras, African b. African Zebras, African

Lions and Gazelles on the Lions and Gazelles on the plain.plain.

3. Organisms in the communities 3. Organisms in the communities always interact with the always interact with the

physical environment as well physical environment as well as each other.as each other.

This called anThis called an ECOSYSTEMECOSYSTEM..

a. EXAMPLEa. EXAMPLEb. African Zebras, African b. African Zebras, African

Lions and Gazelles on the Lions and Gazelles on the plain along with the rain, plain along with the rain, rocks, soil etc.rocks, soil etc.

BIOSPHEREBIOSPHEREThin layer of the Earth Thin layer of the Earth

where life can exist.where life can exist.