characteristics of input in the first and second language
TRANSCRIPT
Fitriani
Fitri nurhayati
Roida elfrika sirait
Surya wikarta
Anindya prima
Annisa Solihah
Irwan badrul jaman
WHAT ARE THE
CHARACTERISTICS OF INPUT IN
EACH SETTINGS OF FL AND SL?
Input is defined as
"language which a learner hears or
receives and from which he or
she can learn”
FL SETTINGSNATURAL
SETTING
INSTRUCTIONAL
SETTING
TRADITIONAL
COMMUNICATIVE
Input…:
Is simple and comprehensible(Krashen)
Is degenerate(Miller and Chomsky 1963)
Is modified
contains ungrammaticalities and
disfluencies
underdetermines linguistic competence
should be slightly above the level of the
language learner (i+1).
Available in one to one interaction
Traditional setting
Input…:-Is used in the classroom/formal education
-is only to learn more about the rule of FLA
-comes from the teacher/caretaker
-mostly pay attention to the rule…
Communicative setting
-Input source is caretaker/teacher
-is just used to learn the rule
-is used in classroom/formal education
-is used in communicative process
SL SETTINGS
NATURAL
SETTING
INSTRUCTIONAL
SETTING
TRADITIONAL
COMMUNICATIVE
Input is…
Modified
“Unlimited”
Traditional Setting…
Input is…
1. Structurally simplified and sequenced
2. “Limited”
•Input is not always available
•Time of distribution of input from
the ‘source’ is limited
•Application of input is limited
Communicative Setting
Input is…:
1. Simplified and made comprehensible
2. “limited”
Especially in classroom:
There are still some errors
There are some error corrections
There is using of genuine questions
There are display questions
There is negotiation of meaning