Character & Dissimilarity MatricesCharacter Unicorn Griffin Pegasus Phoenix CentaurFeathers 0 1 0 1 1Fur 1 1 1 0 1Wings 0 1 0 1 1Hooves 1 0 1 0 1Talons 0 1 0 1 0Horns 1 0 0 0 0Beak 0 1 0 1 0

  Unicorn griffin pegasus phoenix centaurUnicorn  0  6 1  7  3 

Griffin   0   5 1  3 

Pegasus     0   6  2

Phoenix       0   4

Centaur         0 

Protist Diversity Wrap-Up• Make sure you know how to build a

phylogentic tree of the protists– Are plastids homologous or analogous?

• Put the supergroup and subgroup of each protist examined on your tree

Lab 3: Animal Diversity

Lab Goals• Recognize the major phyla of animals• Understand the developmental

characters that distinguish the different groups and how these can inform our understanding of evolution (chart on pg. 49)

• More practice with phylogenetic trees!!!!

Fig. 32-1

What are animals?• Eukaryotic• Heterotrophic• Multicellular• Diploid• Are motile at some stage

You are here

Some Terminology….

Symmetry: pattern of body organization– Asymmetry– Radial

symmetry– Bilateral

symmetry

Why is embryonic development important in our understanding of evolution?

• Evolutionary Developmental Biology (“Evo-Devo”)– Comparisons of

developmental characters in different organisms can often reveal ancestral relationships

– Excellent characters for use in building phylogenies

Ernst Haeckel 1892

DiploblasticDiploblastic

Tissues• Parazoa-no tissue differentiation• Eumetazoa-has true tissues

– Diploblastic—two cell layers– Triploblastic—three cell layers

Diploblastic Triploblastic

Diploblastic Development

Triploblastic DevelopmentProtostomes (“mouth

first”)

Deuterostomes (“mouth second”)

Blastopore=mouth

Blastopore=anus

Videos• Development of the Blastula• Gastrulation

Triploblastic AnimalsHave one or two body

cavities:1) Archenteron = gut2) May also have either

a:• Pseudocoelom

exterior lined by mesoderm, interior lined by endoderm

• Coelom cavity completely lined with mesoderm

archenteron

coelom

Acoelomate Psuedocoelomate Coelomate

Protostomes: Two Clades• Lophotrochozoa

– Fun to say!– Trochophore larvae– Lophophore

• Used for filter feeding

• Ecdysozoa– Shed an external

cuticle or exoskeleton

– Why is this done??

Flow ChartTrue Tissues?

Parazoa Eumetazoa

yesno

Number of Germ Layers?

two three

Diploblastic Triploblastic

Fate of blastopore?

mouth anus

Protostome Deuterostome

Which clade?

Lophotrochozoa Ecdysozoa

Trochophore larvae or lochophore(or neither) ?

Asymmetry

Radial symmetry

Bilateral symmetry

Acoelomate, Pseudocoelem, or Coelem Coelom

Today’s Lab• Work through all stations (use

flowchart!)• Examine organisms in tank• Complete lab report in class• Show me your tree!

Next Week• 20 pt quiz (protists and animals)

– you may use protist “cheat sheet”– All words on Table 3.3 in the Animal Diversity

lab will be in a word bank on the quiz (i.e. know the definition but don’t worry about spelling)

• Animal Lab Report DUE (animal lab is first one worth points!!)

• Read Pig Dissection Lab and BRING GLOVES