1. 1. NLshop/ Fotolia.com LOS ANGELES COMMUNITY COLLEGE DR. STEVEN MENDOZA PSYCHOLOGY ADJUNCT ASSISTANT PROFESSOR LVX ET VERITAS
2. 2. NLshop/Fotolia.com 4 5 9 12 13 14 19 Table of Contents Personality Psychoanalytic Perspective Psychoanalytic Theory Neo-Freudian Perspectives Assessing the Psychoanalytic Perspective The Humanistic Perspective Evaluating the Humanistic Perspective
3. 3. Fact or Falsehood? true true false false false By professional training, Freud was a physician. Freud believed that boys develop sexual desires for their mother when they are between 3 and 6 years of age. One of the most reliable and valid measures of personality is the Rorschach inkblot test. Dreams are disguised wish fulfillments that can be interpreted by skilled analysts. Psychologists generally agree that painful experiences commonly get pushed out of awareness and into the unconscious.
4. 4. Personality can be examined through different perspectives Personality An individuals characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and behaving TracyKahn/Corbis
5. 5. Psychoanalytic Perspective Sigmund Freud: 1856 1939, born in Vienna Austria; founder of psychoanalysis Time & Life Pictures/Getty Images I was the only worker in a new field. In 1909, Freud visited Clark University in Massachusetts, and a year later helped found the International Psychoanalytic Association.
6. 6. Freud with his wife, Martha, and youngest child, Anna, who later became a psychoanalytic theorist. Mary Evans/ Sigmund FreudScience Source Copyrights/ Photo Researchers / Science Source
7. 7. Freud with his oldest sister Mathilde. Freud, a Jew, escaped from Germany to London in 1938. Mathilde and three other sisters died in Nazi extermination camps during World War II. Bettmann/CORBIS
8. 8. Did you know that Sigmund Freud was the first psychology theorist to be honored with his own bobble-head doll? The Photo Works
9. 9. Psychoanalytic Perspective: Structure of Personality Superego Moralistic component, internalizing parental and societal rules IdIrrational component, impulsive, ruled by pleasure principle EgoRational component, mediating, ruled by reality principle
10. 10. Psychodynamic Theories of Personality
11. 11. Video Review NLshop/Fotolia.com Do you find Freuds theory of personality structure to be helpful? Why or why not? Why is a strong ego necessary in personality? What kinds of problems might a person experience if he or she were dominated by either the id or the superego?
12. 12. At each stage: sexual impulses associated with a specific body zone Psychoanalytic Theory: The Five Age-Related Stages of Personality Development At each stage: a different focus of the ids sexual energies Click here for description Click here for description Click here for description Click here for description Click here for description
13. 13. Psychoanalytic Theory: Introducing the Defense Mechanism of Repression Defense mechanismsThe egos protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality RepressionBasic defense mechanism; banishes anxiety- arousing thoughts, feelings, memories from consciousness Repression: Reality or Myth?
14. 14. Psychoanalytic Theory: More on Defense Mechanisms Specific mechanisms are based on repression. Six Defense Mechanisms Click here for description Click here for description Click here for description Click here for description Click here for description Click here for description
15. 15. Neo-Freudian Perspectives: Freuds Descendants and Dissenters ArchetypeIn Jungs theory, mental images of universal traits shared by all humans (which Jung called the collective unconscious). Alfred Adler: The individual feels at home in life and feels existence to be worthwhile just so far as he is useful to others and is overcoming feelings of inferiority (Problems of Neurosis, 1964) Karen Horney: The view that women are infantile and emotional creatures, and as such, incapable of responsibility and independence is the work of the masculine tendency to lower womens self-respect. (Feminine Psychology, 1932) Carl Jung: From the living fountain of instinct flows everything that is creative; hence the unconscious is the very source of the creative impulse. (The Structure and Dynamics of the Psyche, 1960) MGM/ Photofest Adler: Photo by Ann Ronan Pictures/Print Collector/Getty Images; Horney: The Bettmann Archive/ Corbis; Jung: Archives of the History of American Psychology, The Center for the History of Psychology, The University of Akron
16. 16. MGM/ Photofest
17. 17. Lack of scientific testability Assessing the Psychoanalytic Perspective Conflicts with current research Emphasis on male prototypes Lack of empirical evidence Developmentalists see development as lifelong, not fixed in childhood Notions about repression challenged by more recent findings on memory New ideas about why we dream challenge Freuds view of dreams (lurking, unfulfilled wishes) Theory based on data derived from small group of patients and self-analysis Writings about patients based on analysts interpretation Concepts too vague to prove in an experiment Operational definitions impossible for ideas like pleasure principle Women viewed as deviation from norm of masculinity (Horney, 1926; Thompson, 1950) Theory may have been different if developed from female viewpoint Cartoon: United Features Syndicate
18. 18. Humanistic Perspective inherent goodness of people self-awareness and free will human potential for psychological growth healthy personality development The Humanistic Perspective
19. 19. Abraham Maslow and the Humanistic Perspective Hierarchy of needsHierarchal division of motivation into levels that progress from basic physical needs, to psychological needs, to self-fulfillment needs Self-actualizationDefined by Maslow as persons full use and exploitation of talents, capacities, and potentialities
20. 20. Carl Rogers: A Person- Centered Perspective Conditions of Positive Growth: Genuinenessopen with feelings, transparent and self-disclosing Empathysharing and mirroring others feelings, relaxing and fully expressing ones true self Acceptanceoffering unconditional positive regard (an attitude of total acceptance toward another person in which value is shown despite failings) At bottom, each person is asking, Who am I, really? How can I get in touch with this real self, underlying all my surface behavior? How can I become myself?(Carl Rogers, 1961) Roger Ressmeyer/ Corbis
21. 21. Based on philosophical assumptions or clinical observations Concepts vague; subjective Cannot define or objectively measure concepts like Rogers unconditional positive regard and self-concept or Maslows actualizing tendency Evaluating the Humanistic Perspective Lack of empirical evidence If self-actualization is a universal human motive, why is it hard to find such people? Encourages the need for hope, but not equally realistic Does not take into account human capacity for evil Nave and too optimistic Dana Fradon / The New Yorker Collection / The