chapters: 3
DESCRIPTION
Chapters: 3. Fish, Amphibians, Reptiles and Birds. Phylum Chordata (Chordate). All have backbone Vertebrates – subphylum Shared Characteristics: Notochord Dorsal nerve chord Gill slits Endoskeleton Closed circulatory system. 1. Notochord. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Chapters: 3
Fish, Amphibians, Reptiles and Birds
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Phylum Chordata (Chordate)
All have backbone Vertebrates – subphylum Shared Characteristics:
Notochord Dorsal nerve chord Gill slits Endoskeleton Closed circulatory system
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1. Notochord
Rod of cells above the central nervous system (CNS)
Most chordates have as embryos
Develops into backbone
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2. Dorsal Nerve Cord
Becomes a brain and spinal chord
hollow
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3. Gill Slits
In embryo stage Disappear except in
fish
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4. Endoskeleton
Internal skeleton Advantage – ability to
grow without molting
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5. Closed Circulatory System
2, 3,4 Chambered hearts
Benefit – more oxygen Blood contained in
blood vessels
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5b. Chambered hearts
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6. Other characteristics of Chordates
Complex nervous system
Varied locomotion Tail extends beyond
anus Gills or lungs
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Vertebrate Classes
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Fish
Fish characteristics: Aquatic (fresh and Salt) Paired fins for
movement Scales Gills Various feeding
methods (herbivores, carnivores, parasites, filter feeders)
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Fish Digestion
Pathway of food: Mouth Esophagus Stomach (partially
broken down) Pyloric cecum – secrete
digestive enzymes and absorption
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Fish Digestion continued
Food does not pass through Liver – Pancreas –
Both secrete chemicals to break down food
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Fish Circulation
Closed circulatory system
2 chambered heart Atrium – oxygen poor
blood from body Ventricle – pumps
blood to gills
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Fish sense organs
Have a well-developed brain
Eyes – color vision Strong sense of taste
and smell Lateral line – sense
motion of other fish
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Groups of Fish
Group 1:Jawless Fish examples- lampreys and
hagfish - simplest - cartilage - tubular - sucker mouth Nostrils – only one Produce slime 7 gills – not covered parasites
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Group 2: Cartilaginous Fish
Examples: sharks and rays - cartilage skeleton Tooth-like scales on skin - jaws with 1000’s of teeth - acute senses of vision,
smell, and vibrations - breathes by swimming - internal fertilization
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Skates and Rays Bottom feeders Filter feeders Vacuum like mouths
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Group 3: Bony Fish
largest group of fish - skeleton of bone - swim bladder-
maintains depth - external fertilization
(spawning)
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Importance of Fish
ecology of water - food source (Fish are
friends not food-Bruce-Finding Nemo)
- hobby and sport
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Amphibians
“Double Life”
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Characteristics of Amphibians
Live in water when young and to reproduce
Live on land as adults Breath through skin No scales Have lungs External fertilities!
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Additional Amphibian Characteristics
Ectotherms – organisms whose body temp is controlled by the outside temp. (cold blooded) Dormant in cold
environments
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More amphibian characteristics
Amphibians are the link between land and water animals
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Groups of Amphibians
Frogs and Toads Short, broad bodies Sing to attract males Sticky tongue to catch
food Acute vision Hearing – tympanic
membrane, Powerful hind legs
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Toads
Found in dryer environments
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Life cycle of frogs and toads