chapter036

Copyright © 2010 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Timby/Smith: Introductory Medical-Surgical Nursing, 10/e

Timby/Smith: Introductory Medical-Surgical Nursing, 10/e

Chapter 36: Introduction to the Nervous System


Nervous SystemNervous System

• Responsible for coordinating body functions; Responding to changes, stimuli in internal and external environments

– Brain; Spinal cord; Peripheral nerves

• Two Anatomic Divisions

– Central Nervous System (CNS)

– Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

• Basic Structure

– Neuron: Sensory; Motor


Neuronal AnatomyNeuronal Anatomy


Central Nervous SystemCentral Nervous System

• Brain

– Cerebrum; Cerebellum

– Brain stem: Midbrain; Pons; Medulla oblongata

– Protection

• Skull

• Membranes (meninges): Dura mater; Arachnoid; Pia mater

• Spinal cord; Cauda equina


Brain StructureBrain Structure


Brain VentriclesBrain Ventricles


Peripheral Nervous SystemPeripheral Nervous System• Cranial Nerves: 12 pairs

– I: Olfactory nerve

– II: Optic nerve

– III: Oculomotor nerve

– IV: Trochlear nerve

– V: Trigeminal nerve

– VI: Abducens nerve

– VII: Facial nerve


Peripheral Nervous SystemPeripheral Nervous System

• Cranial Nerves (Cont’d)

– VIII: Vestibulocochlear

– IX: Glossopharyngeal nerve

– X: Vagus nerve

– XI: Accessory nerve

– XII: Hypoglossal nerve


QuestionQuestion

Is the following question true or false?

There are 12 cranial nerves.


AnswerAnswer

True.

There are 12 cranial nerves within the peripheral nervous system.



• Spinal Nerves

– 31 pairs

• 8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar

• 5 sacral, 1 coccygeal

– Two roots

• Dorsal and ventral

– Dermatome distribution


DermatomesDermatomes



• Autonomic Nervous System

– Sympathetic nervous system

• Expenditure of energy

• Catecholamines: Epinephrine; Norepinephrine; Dopamine

– Parasympathetic nervous system

• Conservation of energy

• Acetylcholine


QuestionQuestion

Is the following statement true or false?

One of the functions of the parasympathetic nervous system is the expenditure of energy.


AnswerAnswer

False.

One of the functions of the sympathetic nervous system is the expenditure of energy. The parasympathetic nervous system conserves energy.


AssessmentAssessment

• History

– Symptoms; Trauma; Medications; Allergies; Personal, Family medical history

• Physical Examination

– Cranial nerves; Motor function; Sensory function

– Level of consciousness: Conscious; Somnolent or lethargic; Stuporous; Semicomatose; Comatose

– Pupils; Neck; Vital signs


AssessmentAssessment

• Diagnostic Tests

– Imaging procedures

• Computed tomography; MRI; PET; Single photon emission CT; Contrast studies

• Electroencephalogram; Brain scan

• Electromyography; Nerve conduction studies

• Echoencephalography

– Lumbar puncture


Nursing Process: Neurologic Testing Nursing Process: Neurologic Testing • Assessment

– Level of comprehension; Allergies; Weight; Vital signs

• Diagnosis, Planning, and Interventions

– Knowledge deficit: Unfamiliarity with diagnostic procedures

– Allergy to contrast dye

– Meningeal irritation

• Evaluation of Expected Outcome

– Comprehension of procedure, purpose; Reduced complications


End of Presentation

chapter036

Documents

nervous system copyright

nervous system responsible

facial nerve copyright

accessory nerve

trigeminal nerve

abducens nerve

optic nerve

olfactory nerve