chapter three. psychological health (mental health) is defined positively by the presence of...
TRANSCRIPT
Psychological Health (Mental Health) is defined positively by the presence of wellness, or negatively as the absence of mental sickness
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Psychological Health is not: being normal, conforming to social norms, not having the need to seek help for personal problems, or personal appearance
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Studied very successful peopleHe determined a hierarchy of needs
Physiological needs (most urgent)SafetyBeing lovedMaintaining self-esteemSelf-actualization* (least urgent?)
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Maslow concluded that visibly successful people achieved self-actualization & that they share the following qualities:RealismAcceptance
Self-imageSelf-esteem
AutonomyAuthenticity
IntimacyCreativity
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Anxiety DisordersSimple/specific phobiaFear of something definite
Social phobiaFear of humiliation or embarrassment while being observed by others
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Panic disordersSudden unexpected surges in anxietyRapid and strong heart beat
Shortness of breathLoss of physical equilibrium
Feeling of losing mental control
Can lead to agoraphobia
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Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)Excessive worry about future
eventsWorries take over rational
thoughtObsessive-Compulsive disorder
(OCD)Obsessions = recurrent,
unwanted thoughtsCompulsions = repetitive,
difficult-to-resist actionsPost-Traumatic Stress disorder
(PTSD)Reaction to a severely traumatic
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Depression Most common mood
disorderAffects young and older
adultsTakes the form of:
Feeling sad and hopelessLoss of pleasurePoor appetite, weight lossInsomniaRestlessnessThoughts of worthlessnessTrouble concentratingThoughts of death or
suicide 12
Expressing the ‘wish’ to be dead
Increasing social withdrawal/isolation
Sudden inexplicable lightening of mood
Previous history of attempts
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Strongest risk factor for suicide is depression
In the U.S. suicide is higher in menWhite men over 65 have highest rate
Women attempt 3X as many suicides as men, men succeed at more than 3X rate of women
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Depends on severity and persons risk of suicide
AntidepressantsPrescribed for Anxiety, PTSD,
OCD, eating disorders, etc.Prozac, paxil
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)Last resort for severe
depressionMild seizure is produced 3-4 treatments/wk. for ~ 4 wks.
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Mania and Bipolar DisorderRestlessnessHaving abundant energyRequiring little sleepTalking nonstop
Many manics swing between mania and depressive states = bipolar disorder
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SchizophreniaGeneral
characteristics Disorganized thoughtsInappropriate
emotionsDelusionsAuditory hallucinationsDeteriorating social
and work functionUncertain causes
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Four Perspectives can be applied to psychological disorders each with a distinct view of human nature
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1. Biological Emphasis is on the influence of the
brain Therapy = Pharmacological
2. Behavioral Emphasis on behavior/actions Behaviorists analyze behavior in
terms of stimulus, response and reinforcement
Therapy = exposure
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3. Cognitive Emphasis on effect of ideas on
behaviors and feelings This model states that behavior
results from attitudes and expectations rather than reinforcements
Therapy tries to expose and identify false ideas that produce anxiety and depression
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