chapter thirty- three: growth and sustainability in the twenty-first century

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Chapter Thirty- Three: Growth and Sustainabilit y in the Twenty-First Century

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Page 1: Chapter Thirty- Three: Growth and Sustainability in the Twenty-First Century

Chapter Thirty-Three:

Growth and Sustainability in the Twenty-First

Century

Page 2: Chapter Thirty- Three: Growth and Sustainability in the Twenty-First Century

Climate Change

Page 3: Chapter Thirty- Three: Growth and Sustainability in the Twenty-First Century

Figure 33.1: Global Temperature Trends, 1900-2100

Source: U.S. Global Change Research Program, www.globalchange.gov .

Page 4: Chapter Thirty- Three: Growth and Sustainability in the Twenty-First Century

Economic Growth and the Environment

Page 5: Chapter Thirty- Three: Growth and Sustainability in the Twenty-First Century

0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 $ GNP per Capita

250 -

200 -

150 -

100 -

50 -

0 -

Kg

S02

per

Cap

ita

Source: Panayotou, T., "Empirical Tests and Policy Analysis of Environmental Degradation at Different Levels of Development,” 1993.

GNP per capita

Su

lfu

r d

iox

ide

em

issi

on

s p

er c

apit

a (k

g)

Su

lfur

dio

xide

em

issi

on

s p

er

capi

ta (

kg)

GNP per capita

Figure 33.2: Environmental Kuznets Curve for Sulfur Dioxide Emissions

Source: T. Panayotou, “Empirical Tests and Policy Analysis of Environmental Degradation at Different Levels of Development,” International Labour Office Working Paper, 1993.

Page 6: Chapter Thirty- Three: Growth and Sustainability in the Twenty-First Century

Brunei

United Arab Emirates

United States

India

China

Bahrain

Saudi Arabia

Kazakhstan

Gabon

Sweden

Switzerland

Norway

Figure 33.3: Carbon Dioxide Emissions vs GDP per Capita, 2009

Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Database 2013.

Page 7: Chapter Thirty- Three: Growth and Sustainability in the Twenty-First Century

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

Pe

rce

nt o

f to

tal t

ax

reve

nu

eFigure 33.4: Environmentally Based Taxes as a Share of Total Tax Revenue, Select Industrialized Countries

Source: OECD, OECD/EEA Instruments Database 2007

Page 8: Chapter Thirty- Three: Growth and Sustainability in the Twenty-First Century

Table 33.1: Global Population Classification by Income and Environmental Impacts, 2013

Source: World Bank, Little Green Data Book 2013; World Development Indicators 2013.

Page 9: Chapter Thirty- Three: Growth and Sustainability in the Twenty-First Century

Leis

ure

Income, Consumption

United States

Europe

Figure 33.5: A Consumption Possibilities Frontier

Page 10: Chapter Thirty- Three: Growth and Sustainability in the Twenty-First Century

Are Stabilization and Sustainability in Conflict?

Page 11: Chapter Thirty- Three: Growth and Sustainability in the Twenty-First Century

Steady State

Time

Resource-usingEconomic Activities

Figure 33.6: Growth Reaching a Steady-State

Page 12: Chapter Thirty- Three: Growth and Sustainability in the Twenty-First Century

2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035

0

50

100

150

200

Ind

ex

(20

05=

10

0)

Year

GDP/Capita

GHGUnemploymentPovertyDebt to GDP

Figure 33.7: A No-Growth Scenario for the Canadian Economy

Source: Adapted from Peter Victor, Managing Without Growth: Slower by Deisgn, not Disaster. Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar, 2008, p. 182.

Page 13: Chapter Thirty- Three: Growth and Sustainability in the Twenty-First Century

Appendix: Demographic Challenges

Page 14: Chapter Thirty- Three: Growth and Sustainability in the Twenty-First Century

Table 33.2: Stages of Demographic Transition

Page 15: Chapter Thirty- Three: Growth and Sustainability in the Twenty-First Century

(a) 1900 (b) 2000

(c) 2040, projected

Figure 33.8: Population by Age and Sex, United States, 1900, 2000, and 2040 (projected)

Source: Wan Wan He, Manisha Sengupta, Victoria A. Velkoff, and Kimberly A. DeBarros, U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Reports, P23–209, “65+ in the United States: 2005”, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2005.

Page 16: Chapter Thirty- Three: Growth and Sustainability in the Twenty-First Century

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

1950 1970 1990 2010 2030 2050

Old

-Age

Dep

ende

ncy

Rat

io

Year

Italy

China

United States

Figure 33.9: Old-Age Dependency Ratios, 1950-2050

Source: United Nations, World Population Prospects: The 2006 Revision, Population Database. Figure based on mediumvariant projections.

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