chapter thirteen booting windows xp. objectives understand the windows xp boot process understand...
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter ThirteenChapter Thirteen
Booting Windows Booting Windows XPXP
ObjectivesObjectives
Understand the Windows XP boot Understand the Windows XP boot processprocess
Troubleshoot system restoration by Troubleshoot system restoration by using Safe Modeusing Safe Mode
Explain the operation of the key Explain the operation of the key Windows XP startup filesWindows XP startup files
ObjectivesObjectives
Understand the boot options offered Understand the boot options offered through the Windows Advanced through the Windows Advanced Options MenuOptions Menu
Edit the Boot.ini file to manipulate Edit the Boot.ini file to manipulate the boot processthe boot process
Understand how multiboot Understand how multiboot configurations are created and how configurations are created and how they functionthey function
The Boot ProcessThe Boot Process
Process of bringing up a completely Process of bringing up a completely functional computerfunctional computer
This process is broken down into two This process is broken down into two major phases:major phases: Boot phaseBoot phase Load phaseLoad phase
The Boot ProcessThe Boot Process
Boot phaseBoot phase Any of a number of stages in the Any of a number of stages in the
Windows XP boot processWindows XP boot process Load phaseLoad phase
The Windows XP load phase begins The Windows XP load phase begins when the kernel assumes control of the when the kernel assumes control of the machinemachine
Power-On Self Test Power-On Self Test (POST)(POST)
First step in the boot sequence for any First step in the boot sequence for any computer with an operating systemcomputer with an operating system
Determines the amount of real Determines the amount of real memory, and whether or not all memory, and whether or not all necessary hardware components are necessary hardware components are presentpresent
The actual tests can differ, depending The actual tests can differ, depending on how the on how the BIOS (Basic BIOS (Basic Input/Output System)Input/Output System) is configured is configured
Power-On Self Test Power-On Self Test (POST)(POST)
The software for the POST resides in a The software for the POST resides in a special, battery-powered chip called special, battery-powered chip called the CMOS (complimentary metal-oxide the CMOS (complimentary metal-oxide semiconductor)semiconductor) This chip can store:This chip can store:
The software necessary to conduct the POSTThe software necessary to conduct the POST Basic configuration information that the post Basic configuration information that the post
uses to check the amount of RAM installed in a uses to check the amount of RAM installed in a systemsystem
Power-On Self Test Power-On Self Test (POST)(POST)
Figure 13-1: The POST display on a PC
Power-On Self Test Power-On Self Test (POST)(POST)
Figure 13-2: Output from the BIOS on an Adaptec 2940 SCSI controller
Initial StartupInitial Startup
The initial startup sequence involves The initial startup sequence involves numerous files and initialization numerous files and initialization proceduresprocedures
The first sector of the hard disk The first sector of the hard disk contains the contains the Master Boot Record Master Boot Record (MBR)(MBR) and the partition table and the partition table
If you are booting from a floppy disk, If you are booting from a floppy disk, the first sector contains the the first sector contains the partition partition boot sectorboot sector
Initial StartupInitial Startup
Table 13-1: Windows XP Startup Files
Initial StartupInitial Startup
In general, the MBR is independent In general, the MBR is independent of the operating systemof the operating system
NtldrNtldr Program that locates and loads the Program that locates and loads the
Windows XP operating system files in Windows XP operating system files in the root folderthe root folder
Initial StartupInitial Startup
System partitionSystem partition Partition that contains the MBR and Partition that contains the MBR and
partition boot sectorpartition boot sector Boot partitionBoot partition
Partition that contains the Windows XP Partition that contains the Windows XP filesfiles
Boot LoaderBoot Loader
Boot loader processing and files:Boot loader processing and files: Select an operating system to bootSelect an operating system to boot Load the related operating system files Load the related operating system files
from the boot partitionfrom the boot partition
Boot LoaderBoot Loader
Figure 13-3: The system partition on a typical Windows
XP system
Boot LoaderBoot Loader
Boot selection menuBoot selection menu Represents the point at which users can Represents the point at which users can
select which operating system they select which operating system they would like to loadwould like to load
Also called the boot loader screenAlso called the boot loader screen
Boot LoaderBoot Loader
Figure 13-4: A typical Windows XP boot selection menu
Detecting HardwareDetecting Hardware
Ntdetect.com is executed by the Ntdetect.com is executed by the boot loader and is used to collect a boot loader and is used to collect a list of hardware currently installed list of hardware currently installed in the computerin the computer
Once hardware is detected, the Once hardware is detected, the system needs to select a system system needs to select a system configurationconfiguration Otherwise known as a hardware profileOtherwise known as a hardware profile
Troubleshooting and Troubleshooting and Advanced Startup Advanced Startup
OptionsOptions
Figure 13-5: The Windows Advanced Options Menu
Boot Configuration and Boot Configuration and Selecting an Operating Selecting an Operating
SystemSystem The Windows XP boot configuration The Windows XP boot configuration
can be controlled through its can be controlled through its configuration file, Boot.iniconfiguration file, Boot.ini This file consists of two sections:This file consists of two sections:
[boot loader][boot loader] [operating systems][operating systems]
Boot Configuration and Boot Configuration and Selecting an Operating Selecting an Operating
SystemSystem
Figure 13-6: Boot.ini viewed through Notepad
[boot loader][boot loader]
Contains two or more items:Contains two or more items: TimeoutTimeout
This setting defines the number of seconds This setting defines the number of seconds the system waits for the user to select an the system waits for the user to select an operating system before loading the default operating system before loading the default operating systemoperating system
DefaultDefault This setting in Boot.ini lists the path to the This setting in Boot.ini lists the path to the
default operating systemdefault operating system
[operating systems][operating systems]
Lists the available operating systemsLists the available operating systems Each listing contains:Each listing contains:
The path to the boot partition for the The path to the boot partition for the operating systemoperating system
The text displayed in the boot loader The text displayed in the boot loader screenscreen
Optional parametersOptional parameters
Advanced RISC Advanced RISC Computing PathnamesComputing Pathnames
In the Boot.ini file, the path pointing to In the Boot.ini file, the path pointing to the \WINDOWS directory is written the \WINDOWS directory is written using the Advanced RISC Computing using the Advanced RISC Computing (ARC) pathname(ARC) pathname Advanced RISC Computing (ARC) Advanced RISC Computing (ARC)
pathnamepathname Naming convention used in the Boot.ini file to Naming convention used in the Boot.ini file to
define the particular hard disk and partition define the particular hard disk and partition where Windows XP operating system files residewhere Windows XP operating system files reside
Advanced RISC Advanced RISC Computing PathnamesComputing Pathnames
Scsi(n) or multi(n)Scsi(n) or multi(n) Disk(n)Disk(n) Rdisk(n)Rdisk(n) Partition(n)Partition(n) \path\path
Editing Boot.iniEditing Boot.ini
To make changes to a Boot.ini file, To make changes to a Boot.ini file, the user has two options:the user has two options: Use the Control Panel to edit this file Use the Control Panel to edit this file
indirectlyindirectly Use a text editor to change the file Use a text editor to change the file
directlydirectly
Using the Control PanelUsing the Control Panel
Using the Using the Control Control Panel to Panel to make make changes to changes to Boot.ini is Boot.ini is the safest the safest way to way to proceedproceed
Figure 13-7: The Advanced tab of the System applet
Using the Control PanelUsing the Control Panel
Figure 13-8: The Startup
and Rediscovery dialog box
Using a Text EditorUsing a Text Editor
You can use Notepad or any other You can use Notepad or any other text editor to edit Boot.initext editor to edit Boot.ini
As with any initialization file, you As with any initialization file, you should be careful when editing the should be careful when editing the filefile
If you configure the file incorrectly, If you configure the file incorrectly, Windows XP might not bootWindows XP might not boot
Windows XP Load PhaseWindows XP Load Phase
The Windows XP load phase consists The Windows XP load phase consists of the following five stages:of the following five stages: Loading the kernelLoading the kernel Initializing the kernelInitializing the kernel Services loadServices load Windows XP system startWindows XP system start Logging onLogging on
Loading the KernelLoading the Kernel
Control setControl set A special set of Registry values that A special set of Registry values that
describes a Windows XP machine’s describes a Windows XP machine’s startup configuration that is saved each startup configuration that is saved each time:time: A Windows machine is shut downA Windows machine is shut down A user successfully logs on for the first time A user successfully logs on for the first time
after bootupafter bootup
Loading the KernelLoading the Kernel
Figure 13-9: The HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\Select subkey viewed through Regedit
Initializing the KernelInitializing the Kernel
After its initialization, the kernel creates After its initialization, the kernel creates the Registry key the Registry key HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\HARDWAREHKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\HARDWARE
The kernel also creates the The kernel also creates the CloneControlSet by making a copy of the CloneControlSet by making a copy of the CurrentControlSetCurrentControlSet
The kernel then initializes the drivers The kernel then initializes the drivers that were loaded by the boot loaderthat were loaded by the boot loader
Initializing the KernelInitializing the Kernel
If drivers experience errors as they If drivers experience errors as they load, they send conditions to the load, they send conditions to the kernel that determines how the kernel that determines how the error is treated:error is treated: IgnoreIgnore NormalNormal SevereSevere CriticalCritical
Services Load, Windows Services Load, Windows XP System Startup, and XP System Startup, and
Logging OnLogging On Services loadServices load During the services load phase, the kernel During the services load phase, the kernel
starts the Session Managerstarts the Session Manager Windows XP system startupWindows XP system startup
This brief but meaningful phase of the process This brief but meaningful phase of the process is signaled by the appearance of the Windows is signaled by the appearance of the Windows XP logon screen as the Win32 subsystem XP logon screen as the Win32 subsystem starts winlogon.exestarts winlogon.exe
Logging onLogging on Until a user successfully logs on, the boot Until a user successfully logs on, the boot
process is not completeprocess is not complete
Multiple-Boot SystemsMultiple-Boot Systems
One of the biggest advantages of the One of the biggest advantages of the Windows XP operating system is its Windows XP operating system is its ability to peacefully coexist with other ability to peacefully coexist with other operating systemoperating system
Each operating system uses one or Each operating system uses one or more file systems to organize the data more file systems to organize the data within the volumeswithin the volumes Some operating systems can use the same Some operating systems can use the same
file system, whereas others are file system, whereas others are incompatibleincompatible
Multiple Windows Multiple Windows Operating SystemsOperating Systems
Windows 3.1, Windows 3.11, Windows 95/98, Windows 3.1, Windows 3.11, Windows 95/98, Windows NT, and Windows 2000 can all exist Windows NT, and Windows 2000 can all exist on the same system as Windows XPon the same system as Windows XP
When Windows XP is to be installed on a When Windows XP is to be installed on a system with another operating system—system with another operating system—especially some previous version of Windowsespecially some previous version of Windows—it is important to specify a different —it is important to specify a different installation partitioninstallation partition
If you plan to use applications from the If you plan to use applications from the different versions of Windows you have different versions of Windows you have installed, you must install the application installed, you must install the application from each operating systemfrom each operating system
Multiple Installation Multiple Installation OrderOrder
When installing multiple operating When installing multiple operating systems on x86-based computers, the systems on x86-based computers, the order in which you install the operating order in which you install the operating systems is importantsystems is important
When installing multiple versions of When installing multiple versions of Windows XP or Windows 2000 onto the Windows XP or Windows 2000 onto the same system, it really doesn’t matter same system, it really doesn’t matter which one is installed firstwhich one is installed first
As a general rule, install the newest As a general rule, install the newest operating system last and the oldest firstoperating system last and the oldest first
Chapter SummaryChapter Summary
The Windows XP boot process can The Windows XP boot process can be daunting, but it is not nearly as be daunting, but it is not nearly as mysterious as one first supposesmysterious as one first supposes It follows the same general boot steps It follows the same general boot steps
as any other operating systems and, in as any other operating systems and, in fact, “plays well with others”fact, “plays well with others”
When the boot menu appears, you When the boot menu appears, you can press F8 to access the Windows can press F8 to access the Windows Advanced Options MenuAdvanced Options Menu
Chapter SummaryChapter Summary
After the boot loader, the kernel is After the boot loader, the kernel is loaded into memory and is granted loaded into memory and is granted control of the computercontrol of the computer
The boot process can be altered by The boot process can be altered by changing the Boot.ini filechanging the Boot.ini file
Windows 3.1, Windows 3.11, Windows 3.1, Windows 3.11, Windows 95/98, Windows NT, and Windows 95/98, Windows NT, and Windows 2000 can all exist on the Windows 2000 can all exist on the same system as Windows XPsame system as Windows XP