Chapter TenSection One

I. The Divisive Politics of Slavery

a) Senator John C. Calhoun1. Argued for slavery in all lands acquired from Mexico

B. William Seward

1. Senator from NY2. Freedom from God

II. Differences between North and South

A. North

1. Rapid industrialization2. 20,000 miles of railroad track laid in

1850’s3. Telegraph lines4. Poor immigrant workers- oppose

slavery- competition

B. South

1. Rural society2. Agriculture3. Cotton4. Only 10% of U.S. manufacturing5. River transportation6. Less immigration

III. Slavery in Territories

A. Wilmot Proviso1. Created by David Wilmot, congressman from

Pennsylvania2. Added provision to military appropriations bill that

would have banned slavery in all territories3. North vs. South

-South argued on property & Constitutional protection

4. House passed, Senate failed5. Proviso then attached to another bill, same result

B. California and Statehood

1. Applied for Statehood in November 1849

2. Constitution had provision banning slavery

3. Southerners assumed Missouri Compromise would lead to California being a slave state

C. (review) Missouri Compromise

1. In 1819 Missouri applies for statehood2. Missouri would be tie breaker between slave

and free states3. Henry Clay had a compromise4. Maine admitted as free state and Missouri as

a slave state5. Dividing line set 36* 30’ North latitude

-Below slavery & above free

D. Compromise of 1850

1. Henry Clay2. Terms

- California admitted as a free state- New and more effective fugitive slave law- New Mexico and Utah granted popular sovereignty- Paid Texas $10 million for New Mexico

3. Debate Calhoun v. Webster4. Compromise rejected in July

- Clay withdraws5. Stephen A. Douglas picks up fight

-Plan was to pass the compromise piece by piece

6. President Taylor dies, New President Fillmore supports plan

7. In 1850 passed into law

Section Two

I. Fugitive Slaves

A. Fugitive Slave Act1. Fugitives

-No trial by jury- Could not testify on own behalf

2. All that was required was statement by owner and description

3. Quote page 2884. Federal commissioners (judges) received

$10 for returning a slave and only $5 if freed

5. Punishment for assistance- $1,000 fine- 6 months in prison

B. Personal Liberty Laws

1. Passed by some Northern States

2. Banned jailing of runaways

C. Underground Railroad

1. Secret escape route2. Conductors, stations3. Harriet Tubman

-Former Slave-19 trips, 300 slaves- Including her parents- $40,000 bounty

D. Uncle Tom’s Cabin

1. Book written by Harriet Beecher Stowe

2. Huge Seller3. Slavery not only a political issue but

also a moral one

Tensions in Kansas & Nebraska

A. Stephen Douglas spurs settlement1. Wished to create settlements in

Nebraska and Kansas2. Wanted to build railroad from Chicago

to San Francisco3. Supported popular sovereignty in area

- However that violated Missouri Compromise

4. To complete this he supported repeal of Missouri Compromise

B. Kansas Nebraska Act

1. Proposed Jan 23, 1854 by Douglas2. Split area into two states3. Repeal Missouri compromise in area4. Led to North v. South conflicts5. Became law in 1854

III. Bleeding Kansas

A. Race for Kansas was onB. Men Raced to Kansas territory

1. Farmers2. Anti-slavery forces

C. Election held in March 18551. Border ruffians from Missouri cross and

illegally vote2. Slavery candidates win3. Set up government in Lecompton and passed

pro slavery laws4. Rival Anti slavery government set up in

Topeka

D. The sack of Lawrence

1. Pro slavery forces attack town, ransack

2. Loot, destroy printing press

E. Pottawattamie Massacre

1. John Brown- Anti-slavery fanatic- Believed God called him to fight slavery- Mistakenly believed 5 men, including his sons were killed at Lawrence

2. Pulled 5 men from beds at Pottawattamie Creek- Hacked off their hands- Stabbed with swords

3. Bleeding Kansas

• 200 killed

F. Violence in Senate

1. Charles Sumner- May 19, delivers speech- Attack pro-slavery ideas and Senator Butler of South Carolina in his speech- May 22 Butler’s nephew, Congressman Preston Brookes beats Sumner over the head with his cane

Section Four

I. Slavery & Secession

II. Slavery dominates politics

A. President Buchanan- indecisive

B. Dredd Scott v. Sanford

1. Dredd Scott was a slave whose owner took him from Missouri- Illinois- Wisconsin- Missouri

2. Sued on Grounds that he had become free

3. Missouri court ruled for Sanford4. Supreme Court

- Is Scott a citizen?- Did residence in free state

make him free

• Decision handed down on March 6th, 1857

• Chief Justice Roger B. Taney• No legal status because he was not

and could never be a citizen• “A subordinate & inferior class of

beings”• “No rights which the white man was

bound to respect”• Being in free states does not make free– 5th Amendment- protected country

• Basically stated Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional

C. Lecompton Constitution

1. Developed by pro-slavery government in Lecompton

2. Voted down by people 10-13. President Buchanan endorsed

Constitution4. Stephen Douglas- popular support-

had Congress order new vote

III. Lincoln- Douglas Debates

A. 1858 race for Illinois U.S. Senate seat

B. Democrat Douglas, Republican Lincoln

C.Lincoln was huge underdog- challenges Douglas to open air debates

D.Douglas- popular sovereigntyE. Lincoln- Slavery was immoral

F. Freeport Doctrine

1. States by Douglas2. Regardless of theory or Supreme

Court ruling, people could ignore Dredd Scott ruling

IV. Passions Erupt

A. Harpers Ferry

1. October 16, 18592. Led by John Brown

1. - Wanted to lead slave uprising

3. Brown tried to capture the Federal Arsenal & distribute weapons to slaves

4. 18 men5. Local troops killed 8 & repelled attack6. U.S. Marines led by Robert E. Lee

captured Brown7. Brown hung on December 2, 18598. Increased tension in South

V. Lincoln is elected President

A. Senator Sumner expected to be Republican candidate

B. Lincoln nominated, possibly due to new status

C. Election of 18601. Republican Lincoln vs. Democrats

Douglas & V.P. John C. Breckenridge2. Democrats split vote3. Lincoln wins (map page 304)

VI. South Secession

A. South feared new Republican government would restrict slavery

B. South Carolina secedes on December 20, 1860

C. Followed by Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Texas

D. Confederate States of America

1. February 4, 18612. Constitution similar to U.S. except

for…3. February 9- Jefferson Davis elected

President of confederacy

Buchanan does nothing