chapter ten operating the server console. chapter objectives describe essential console commands and...
TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter Ten
Operating the Server Console
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Chapter Objectives
• Describe Essential Console Commands and NetWare Loadable Modules (NLMs)
• Use NetWare Console Commands to secure the console
• Use Java Utilities to view server statistics and create a user
• Use Remote console management to access the server console from a workstation attached to the network
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Chapter Objectives
• Configure workstations to access the network using the TCP/IP protocol
• Use the VREPAIR NLM to fix volume problems
• Use the SMS (Storage Management System) to back up network data
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Console Operations
• Console Commands– Built into
Server.exe
• NetWare Loadable Modules– loaded into
memory to provide additional processing logic.
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Server Startup Process
• Run SERVER.EXE from DOS partition.
• SERVER.EXE checks for commands in the STARTUP.NCF file while loading.– Disk drivers are loaded
– SYS volume is mounted
• After SERVER.EXE is loaded it performs any commands from the AUTOEXEC.NCF file.– Server name, network card drivers and protocols
provided.
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Console Commands
• BIND [protocol] to [driver]
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Console Commands
• CONFIG
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Sample CONFIG Command
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Console Commands• DISPLAY SERVERS
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Console Commands
• DISABLE/ENABLE LOGIN– Prevents or allows new users on the system.
– Issue DISABLE LOGIN before downing server.
• DOWN– Closes all files
– Exists server.exe program
– Returns to DOS prompt unless the SECURE CONSOLE command has been executed.
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Console Commands
• LOAD– Loads an NLM into memory. Typing the name of a
module on the console will automatically do a load.
• MODULES– Displays all NLM currently loaded into memory.
• MOUNT– Places a volume on-line for access on the network.
• DISMOUNT– Takes a volume off-line. Often used for volume repair.
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Console Commands
• SEND– SEND “message” TO #
• SET TIME– SET TIME 10/30/99 3:00p
– SET TIME 4:00p
– SET TIME October 30, 1999
• UNBIND– Removes a protocol from a LAN driver
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NetWare Loadable Modules
• Provide additional functionality and utilities
• Types of NLMs– Disk Drivers
• HAM and CDM extensions
– LAN Drivers• LAN extensions
– Name Space• NAM extensions
– General Purpose• NLM extensions
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Disk Drivers
• Loaded during startup process from the STARTUP.NCF file.
• Host Bus Adapter modules (HBA extension)
– Drivers that manage the disk controller card.
• Control Device Modules (CDM extension)
– Drivers that manage individual devices such as disk drives, CD-ROMs, and tape drives.
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LAN Drivers
• Control network adapter cards.
• Loaded from the AUTOEXEC.NCF file.
• Must be loaded once for each frame type.– Frame type specifies the format of data packets.– Common Ethernet frame types:
• 802.3 - Used with early NetWare servers
• 802.2 - Used with IPX protocol
• Ethernet II - Used with TCP/IP protocol
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Adding a New Frame Type
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Name Space Modules
• Name Space modules add logic to the Server for processing file requests from different client operating systems.– Loaded in Startup.NCF.
– LONG.NAM - Loaded by default for SYS volume. Supports Windows 255 character file names.
– MAC.NAM - Included for supporting Macintosh computers
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NWCONFIG Module
• Used to modify server configuration and install new products such as the Web Server and TCP/IP services.
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Monitor Module
• Use to view:– Tab key flips between menu and
screen.– Server performance– Current connections– System statistics
• Important statistics:– Utilization < 70%– Total Cache > 1/3 of Original
Cache– Dirty Cache < 1/3 Total– Packet Receive < 400
•
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Monitor Module - Cache Utilization
• Cache memory is needed to store recent disk blocks and reduce the number of disk reads.
• Select the Disk Cache Utilization option.– Long term cache hits
should be over 90%.
– Add memory or remove modules if Long Term cache hits < 90%
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VRepair Module
• Volume cannot be mounted.– Volume Allocation Tables can be damaged due to
power outages, server crashes, faulty software.
– After repairs are made, notify users to check their files for possible problems.
• Check volume integrity.– Preventative maintenance tool.
– Document any problems.
– Decide whether to write repairs to disk.
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Using VRepair (1)
• Start VRepair utility.– If SYS volume is
mounted, enter the command VREPAIR or LOAD VREPAIR from the server console.
– If SYS volume is not mounted, enter the command: LOAD C:VREPAIR to load VREPAIR.NLM from the DOS partitions.
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Using VRepair (2)
• Select VREPAIR options:– Option 3 keeps changes
in memory for later update.
– Option 1 allows you to remove a name space from a volume.
• Return to Main Menu and select the Repair a Volume option.
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Using VRepair (3)
• Select a volume to repair.– Volume to repair must
be dismounted.
• If an error is found, VREPAIR displays the Current Error Settings window.– Select the option 1 “Do
not pause”– Select option 2 to log
errors to a file.
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Using VRepair (4)
• Select option 4 to continue repair.
• A status windows is displayed.
• At end of VREPAIR write repairs to disk.
• Continue to run VREPAIR until no errors are reported.
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Server Licensing
• Manages Novell Software licensing.• Components:
– License Service provider
– License container
– License certificate object
• Utilities:– NetWare Administrator - display and configure
– NLS Manager - display, configure, and reports
– NWCONFIG - install server licenses
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NetWare Licensing Services
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Activity - Check Server License
• In this activity you will use NetWare Administrator to browse to the Class container, find the license container object and then verify the number of licenses available and in-use on your classroom server.
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Java
• The Java language was developed by Sun Microsystems.
• Important for developing Internet client/server applications.– Part of application runs on server while the user
interface runs on the client.
• Uses a Java engine to process program instructions.– Java engines allows Java to run on multiple platforms.
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Java on NetWare
• Requirements:– 48 to 64 MB RAM
– VESA 1.2 video driver for 640x480 with 256 colors.
• Non-VESA 1.2 provides 640x480 with 16 colors.
• JAVA.NLM engine loaded in AUTOEXEC.NCF.• Run JAVA application using command:
– JAVA ProgramName [options]
• Run JAVA Applet:– Java applets consist of Script commands in an HTML document.
– APPLET [path\filename.html] or [http:\\url]
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Java GUI Console
• Java console is X-Windows based GUI console started by the command STARTX in AUTOEXEC.NCF.
• Functions:– Install additional server products.
– Tools• Settings for display and mouse
• Background colors
• Keyboard settings
– Start ConsoleOne
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ConsoleOne
• Manage Server and NDS Tree from console.• In ConsoleOne, My World icon includes:
– My Server• Volumes
• Configuration Files
• Tools
– The Network– Shortcuts
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Server Configuration Files
• Allows changes to STARTUP and AUTOEXEC NCF files.
• Click the Configuration Files object– Double click the configuration file you want to
change.
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Working with the File System
• Click the dot to the left of the Volumes object under My Server.
• Click the dot to the left of the volume you want to work with.
• Browse to the directory or file.• Click the file or directory and perform file
operations:– Create, Delete, Rename, Copy, or Edit
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Console Management
• Click the dot to the left of the Tools option.
• Click the Console Management option.
• Enter “localhost” in the Hostname field and include the administrator’s password.
• Click the Connect button.
• All existing console screens will be windowed. Select the screen to work with.
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Accessing Remote Consoles
• Remote server must be running the following NLM.– RCONAG6 passwordpassword 2034 16800
• Click the dot to the left of the Tools option.• Click RConsoleJ to display a console selection
screen. • Enter the network address of the server and correct
password.• Access the remote server’s text console.
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Working with NDS
• Click the dot to the left of “The Network” icon.
• Click the dot to the left of “Novell Directory Services” to display a list of trees.
• Click the dot to the left of the desired NDS tree.
• Log in.
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Creating Objects
• You can create the following object types:– Container
– Group
– User
• Right-click the parent container.
• Select the object type from the New option.
• Enter object data and click Create.
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Securing the Console
• Enter the command SECURE CONSOLE.– Allows loading of NLMs only from the SYSTEM
directory.
– Prevents use of keyboard debugger.
– Prevents using the SET TIME command to change date or time.
– DOWN command does not return to DOS prompt.
• SCRSAVER Utility– Locks console until correct password is entered.
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Remote Console Management
• Allows text based server consoles to be accessed from a workstation using the RCONSOLE software.
• Setup steps:– Load REMOTE and RSPX
NLMs at server.– Log in and run
RCONSOLE on the client.– Access RCONSOLE
options menu.
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RCONSOLE Function Keys
• Alt+F1– View RCONSOLE menu
• Alt+F2– Exit RCONSOLE
• Alt+F3– Move forward through console screens
• Alt+F4– Move backward through console screens
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Remote Console Menu
• Allows operator to do the following:– Copy files to the
server, including the DOS (C) partition.
– Select a server screen.
– Return to DOS prompt on workstation.
– Display workstation address.
– Exit Remote Console
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Activity - Copy Files to Server
• In this activity you will use the RCONSOLE utility to simulate copying a new disk driver to the server’s C:\NWSERVER directory. Be sure to include your assigned number prior to your file to make it unique.
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Backing up Server Data
• Storage Management System– Host server
• Server that contains backup hardware.
– Target server• Server to be backed up.
– Parent• Directory or folder to backup.
– Child• Files
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Storage Management System
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Establishing a Backup Process
• Determine Storage Needs.
• Determine a Backup Strategy.
• Assign a backup user.
• Run Backup software.
• Test the backup.
• Develop a disaster recovery procedure.
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Backup Strategies
• Full– All data, regardless of when or if it has been previously
backed up.
• Incremental– Files that have been created or modified since the last
Full or Incremental backup
• Differential– Only data that has been modified since the last Full
backup.
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Run Backup Software
• Load storage manager redirector (SMDR)– Enter group context, SDMR context, Administrator
• Load target agents on servers to backup.– TSA500 - backup data
– TSANDS - backup tree
• Load device interface software (SMSDI) and the job queue manager - QMAN.
• Load SBSC and SBCON
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Start Backup Program
• Load enhanced SBACKUP software:
• Load SBSC
• Load SBCON
• Select Target server
• Select File System or NDS.
• Provide Description and backup type.
• Start the backup
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Disaster Recovery Procedure
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Implementing TCP/IP
• Benefits:– Direct access to Internet.– Access in TCP/IP services.
• Web Servers• Email• Local Intranet applications
– Reduce number of protocols by having NetWare server and clients use TCP/IP rather than IPX.
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Encapsulated TCP/IP Packets
• In earlier versions of NetWare, using TCP/IP on your network required that IPX packets be encapsulated within TCP/IP packets.
• Requires more band width and processing overhead.
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Pure TCP/IP Packets
• NetWare 5 allows the use of NetWare server requests within pure TCP/IP packets.
• Pure TCP/IP packets reduce overhead and network bandwidth.
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TCP/IP Basics
• Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
• Developed in the 1960s to support communication among diverse government and university mainframe computers.
• A Host is any computer attached to the network.• An Internet Service Provider (ISP) provides a link
to the Internet backbone.
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IP Address Components• To attach your network to
the Internet you will need to be assigned one or more unique Internet addresses by the Internet Access Board (IAB).
• Internet addresses consist of four numbers separated by periods. Each number can range from 0-255.
• Depending on the address class, part of the address represents the network while the other part represents the host.
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IP Network Mask
• The IP Mask identifies the network part of the IP Address by containing binary “1”s in each of the network address bits.– Class A mask: 11111111.00000000.00000000.00000000
255.0.0.0
– Class B mask: 11111111.11111111.00000000.00000000 255.255.0.0
– Class C mask: 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000 255.255.255.0
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TCP/IP Address Classes
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Assigning a Client IP Address
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Activities - TCP/IP on Client
• In the first activity you will modify your client to use the IP address scheme for your classroom network.
• In the second activity you will use the PING command to test your communication to the NetWare server.
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Chapter Summary
• Operating the Server console includes:– Console commands
– NetWare Loadable Modules (NLMs)
– Java ConsoleOne utility
• Console commands are built into the Server.exe program.
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Chapter Summary
• NetWare Loadable Modules:– Disk drivers (HAM and CDM extensions)
– LAN drivers (LAN extension)
– Name modules (NAM extension)
– General purpose (NLM extension)
• NWCONFIG
• MONITOR
• VREPAIR
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Chapter Summary
• Java – GUI console
• Install software, Display settings, start ConsoleOne
– ConsoleOne Utility• My Computer (Modify server configuration files)
• Work with the file system
• The Network (Create and modify NDS objects)
• Shortcuts
• Console Management
• Remote server management
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Chapter Summary
• Remote Console Facility– RCONSOLE on workstation
– Load REMOTE and RSPX on Server
• Storage Management System– Backup target servers on host system
– Backup strategy: full, incremental, differential
– Assign backup user
– Run Backup software
– Develop a recovery procedure
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Chapter Summary
• Implementing TCP/IP– Used to provide access to Internet and Intranet services.
– NetWare 5 users pure TCP/IP packets rather than encapsulation.
– Unique IP addresses assigned by Internet Access Board
– Network Address Classes:
• Class A: 8-bit network address
• Class B: 16-bit network address
• Class C: 24-bit network address
– Use PING to test IP communications
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Chapter Summary
• Default Rights– Initial Installation.
• Supervisor rights to Admin in root of tree
• Browse rights to [public] in root of tree
– New User• User has Read rights to all properties and Write to
Login script and Print Jobs.
• [Root] has Read rights to the Group property.
• [Public] has Read rights to Default server.