chapter one: the sentence day 1: sentences vs fragments 8 th grade language arts

Chapter One: The Sentence

Day 1: Sentences VS Fragments8th Grade Language Arts

Proper Notetaking…

• Before we begin actually taking notes… Here are a few tips and requirements of notetaking:–Always start with a title (the topic) and the

date so your notes are easy to find.–Always write legibly.–Always write down the definitions and at

least a few of the examples. This will help you study!

Notetaking…

• Your notebooks will be graded every test day and worth 50 more points. Here’s the breakdown: 5 points for title, 5 points for date 15 points for definitions 15 points for examples. 5 points for legibility 5 points for turning in on time= 50 points

Sentences VS Fragments

• What is a sentence?– contains a subject and a verb– expresses a complete thought.– begins with a capital letter and ends with

punctuation.

Ex. A butterfly with bright blue wings landed on the flower.

Ex. Although it was raining, they went out to wait for the bus.


• What is a fragment?– contains EITHER a subject OR a verb (not both!)– does NOT express a complete thought.

Ex. Went out for a jog. Ex. Sheila, the old milking cow.


• How can we compare and contrast sentences and fragments? How are they similar and how are they different?

• Give examples of sentences.• Give examples of fragments.

In Class PracticeIn your notes, decide if the following groups of words are sentences or fragments. If it is a sentence, capitalize the first letter and add the correct punctuation. If it is a fragment, correct it. You should copy the whole sentence/fragment in your notes.

1. after he caught the baseball with both hands2. doing the multiplication tables3. a long, narrow passage with a hidden trapdoor at each end4. after waiting for six hours5. the gymnasium is open6. last night there were about six television commercials every

half hour7. instead of calling the doctor this morning about her sore

throat8. are you careful about turning off unnecessary lights9. beneath the tall ceiling of the church10.in the back of the storeroom stands a stack of boxes


Day 2: Types of Sentences8th Grade Language Arts

Types of Sentences 9/1/11

• Sentences are classified into four categories, depending on the purpose. –A declarative sentence makes a statement

and ends with a period.• Ex. Mark wondered why the sky looks blue.• Ex. Miriam Colon founded the Puerto Rican

Traveling Theater.• Ex. Kevin threw the baseball back to the

catcher in time to make the play.


– An imperative sentence gives a command or makes a request. Most imperative sentences end in a period, however, a strong command ends in an exclamation point. • Ex. John, please close the door.• Ex. Do your homework each night.• Ex. Stop her!

–The subject of an imperative sentences is always you. It’s called the “understood subject”. (Who is doing the action?)


–An interrogative sentence asks a question and ends in a question mark.• Ex. What do you know about

glaciers?• Ex. Was the game exciting?• Ex. How are diamonds formed?


–An exclamatory sentence shows excitement or strong feeling and ends with an exclamation point.• Ex. What a sight the sunset is!• Ex. How thoughtful Tim was to rake

the leaves!• Ex. Sarah won the free tickets!

In Class PracticeProvide the type of sentence and the punctuation.

1. Do you know what the word Hopi means2. It means “good, peaceful,” I believe3. The Hopi live primarily in northeastern Arizona4. Have you been to Arizona5. Wow, the Grand Canyon is awesome6. Please go see it7. Meteor Canyon is interesting, too8. Western movies have been filmed near Sedona

INT (?)

DEC (.)

IMP (.)

DEC (.)

INT (?)

EXC (!)

EXC (!) or DEC (.)

DEC (.)

Homework!

• For homework, complete the two worksheets:– Sentences and Sentences Fragments (and subjects

and predicates at the bottom)– Classifying Sentences [at the bottom, rewrite each

sentence to perform the task asked in brackets]• Ex. 1. George Catlin began painting professionally in

the 1820s. [Ask a question.] would become…• When did George Catlin begin painting professionally?

• Any questions?!

Friday- September 7, 2012

Take out your homework from last night.


Day 3: Complete & Simple Subjects & Predicates

8th Grade Language Arts

Label your notes for today:CH 1: Subjects and Predicates 9/7/12

CH 1: Subjects and Predicates 9/7/12

• Every sentence consists of two parts: a subject and a predicate.

• Remember, a sentence has a subject and a predicate and expresses a complete thought.


• A subject is the ‘whom’ or ‘what’ the sentence is about.

• To find the subject, ask yourself ‘who’ or ‘what’ is doing the action or about ‘whom’ or ‘what’ something is being said.

• The simple subject is part of the complete subject.

CH 1: Subjects and Predicates 9/7/12• The simple subject is the one word that tells

you who or what the sentence is about.– The school bus my aunt drives is the one I ride to

school.• The complete subject is that one word plus

the words that describe it.– The school bus my aunt drives is the one I ride to

school.


Find the simple subject in each sentence.• Ex. The kitten with white paws is called Boots.• Ex. Grandma found a beautiful antique lamp

at the garage sale. • Ex. Two small boys were laughing and running

down the street. • Ex. Her sealed envelope rested on the edge of

the desk.• Ex. The largest salamander in the United

States is the Pacific giant salamander.

CH 1: Subjects and Predicates 9/7/12Find the complete subject in each sentence.• Ex. The dangerous trip over the mountains

took four days. • Ex. Someone in this room is about to get a big

surprise!• Ex. The hungry tiger was pacing back and forth

in the cage. • Ex. Stamp collecting is my father’s favorite

hobby.


• A predicate, or verb, is the word or words that tell something about the subject.

• The predicate (verb) is the action or what’s happening in the sentence.

• The simple predicate (verb) is part of the complete predicate.

• The predicate begins with the verb.


• The simple predicate, or verb, is the main word or word group that tells the action or what’s happening in the sentence. – A simple predicate could be a one-word verb like

“walked” or a verb phrase like “have rehearsed”. – In this class, we will use the word verb for the

simple predicate.• The words not and never are adverbs and are

not part of the verb or verb phrase.– Ex. She didn’t believe me. not tells –to what extent


• The simple predicate is the verb or verb phrase that tells about the subject. – The school bus my aunt drives is the one I ride to

school.• The complete predicate is the verb and the

other words that describe it.– The school bus my aunt drives is the one I ride to

school.


Find the simple predicate in each sentence.• Ex. The kitten with white paws is called Boots.• Ex. Grandma found a beautiful antique lamp

at the garage sale. • Ex. Two small boys were laughing and running

down the street. • Ex. Her sealed envelope rested on the edge of

the desk.• Ex. The largest salamander in the United

States is the Pacific giant salamander.

CH 1: Subjects and Predicates 9/7/12Find the complete predicate in each sentence.• Ex. The dangerous trip over the mountains

took four days. • Ex. Someone in this room is about to get a big

surprise!• Ex. The hungry tiger was pacing back and forth

in the cage. • Ex. Stamp collecting is my father’s favorite

hobby.

Homework!

• For homework tonight, complete the Simple and Complete Subjects and Predicates Worksheet (Ex B #1-10, Ex C #1-10, and #1-10 on the back); due MONDAY

• Ch 1 test on Thursday, September 13• Monday: Compound Subjects & Predicates• Any questions?!

Chapter One: The SentenceDay 4: Compound Subjects & Verbs

8th Grade Language Arts

Take out your homework from Friday!

CH 1: Compound Subjects & Verbs 9/10/12

• Remember! A subject is the who or what the sentence is about.

• Remember! The verb is the action or what’s happening in the sentence. It’s telling us about the subject.

• Compound Subject- a compound subject consists of two or more connected subjects that have the same verb. The subjects are joined by a conjunction such as and, or, or but.– Two or more people or things doing one action.

• Keisha and Todd worked on the jigsaw puzzle.• Either Carmen or Ernesto will record the

ceremony tomorrow.• The boys and their pets will be showcased in

the parade.


• Try it by yourself!In your notes, write down (only) the compound subjects. 1. Companies and corporations sell shares to stockholders.2. Profits and losses by a company affect its stock's value.3. Good times and good management increase a stock's

value.4. Millionaires and ordinary people trade stocks worth

millions of dollars.5. New York and Tokyo are sites of stock exchanges.


• Compound Verb- A compound verb is made up of two or more verbs or verb phrases that are joined by a conjunction and have the same subject.– One person or thing doing 2 or more actions

• The dog barked and growled at the stranger.• You can leave now or wait for the others.• Some plants sprout, bloom, and wither

quickly.


• Try it by yourself!In your notes, write down (only) the compound verbs. 1. Stocks usually increase or decrease in value over time.2. Bad management hurts and sometimes destroys a

company.3. Today, people use the Internet and make trades on

computers.4. Investors still want and need the help of stockbrokers now.5. On any given day, the price of a stock rises or falls.


• Sometimes, both the subject and the verb may be compound. In such a sentence, each subject goes with each verb.

*both people are doing both actions.

• The guide and the hikers sat and waited for the storm to pass.

• The boys and the girls loaded the buses and headed to the game.

• Either you and your friends can be quiet or leave.


• Try it by yourself!In your notes, make this table to find the subjects and verbs on the next slide.

# Compound Subjects Compound Verbs

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.


• Try it by yourself!In your notes, make a table to find the subjects & verbs. 1. Cheryl and Mark went to Florida and visited their relatives.2. Gary and John practice the piano and played in the concert.3. The dog and cat ran out of the house and chased the

mailman.4. The football team and cheerleaders prepared for the game

and tried their best.5. Cell phones and laptops are modern and have become very

popular.


Homework!

• For homework tonight, complete the top and bottom exercises of the worksheet: #1-10 at the top and #1-10 at the bottom. Due tomorrow!

• Ch 1 test on Thursday! (Notebook check, too!)• Tomorrow: Chapter 1 Review• Spelling this week!• Any questions?!

chapter one: the sentence day 1: sentences vs fragments 8 th grade language arts

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