Chapter Nine

Conception, Pregnancy, and Birth

Deciding Whether or Not to Have a Child

• Choosing Not to Have a Child• Self-Discovery Are You Ready to Be a

Parent?• Influence of the Child’s Sex• Sexuality, Ethics, and the Law Sex

Preselection Technology

Deciding Whether or Not to Have a Child (cont.)

Conception

• Ovulation: The Ovum’s Journey– The Follicular Phase– The Luteal Phase

• The Sperm’s Journey

• The Ovum-Sperm Rendezvous– Zygote– Human Chorionic

Gonadotropin (hCG)

Pregnancy

• First Trimester– Blastocyst– Embryo– Fetus– Placenta– Umbilical Cord

• Second Trimester– Quickening

• Third Trimester

Pregnancy (cont.)

Potential Problems in Pregnancy

• Ectopic Pregnancy

• Miscarriage• Preterm Birth• Fetal

Abnormalities (Birth Defects)

• Teratogens

• Embryonic and Fetal Testing– Amniocentesis– Chorionic Villus

Sampling (CVS)

Potential Problems in Pregnancy (cont.)

Abortion• Abortion Procedures

– Surgical Abortions• Vacuum Aspiration• Dilation and Evacuation (D & E)

– Medical Abortions– Surgical or Medical: Pros and Cons

• Sexuality, Ethics, and the Law The Abortion Controversy

• The Psychological and Emotional Experience of Abortion

• Reducing the Number of Abortions• Sexuality and Culture Russia’s Legacy of

Abortion

Abortion (cont.)

The Birth Process - Labor

• Stage One Labor– Breech Birth

• Stage Two Labor– APGAR Score

• Stage Three Labor

The Birth Process – Labor (cont.)

Choices and Decisions in Childbirth

• Doctor or Midwife?– OB/GYN– Midwife– Nurse/Midwife

• Birthing Locations– Birthing Center– Home Birth

• Pain Medication during Labor and Delivery

• Birth by Cesarean Section

Postpartum Issues

• Postpartum Depression– Postpartum Psychosis

• Self-Discovery A Postpartum Depression Checklist

• Sexual Activities after Childbirth• Return of the Fertility Cycle

– Lactational Amenorrhea

Impaired Fertility• Scope of the

Infertility Problem• Causes of Impaired

Fertility– Ovum and Sperm

Problems– Age– Frequency of

Intercourse– Timing of

Intercourse

• Fertility Testing– Laparoscopy

Infertility Treatments

• Fertility Drugs• Surgical Procedures• Assisted Reproductive Technology

– Intrauterine Insemination (IUI)– In Vitro Fertilization– Gamete Intrafallopian Tube Transfer (GIFT)– Zygote Intrafallopian Tube Transfer (ZIFT)– Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI)– Embryo Cryopreservation– Rates of Success for Assisted Reproductive

Technology

Adoption

• Why Couples Select Adoption• Cost of Adoption