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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Background
Hallyu phenomenon better known by the Korean Waves, is the
popularity of Korean culture in other countries. This phenomenon provides the
latest Korean entertainment, such as movies, dramas, music and so on. The
term Hallyu itself, actually first originated from China. Korean drama refers to
the Korean television drama created in the miniseries format.
Hallyu phenomenon shaped Korean drama that spread throughout the
world, also hit the Indonesian television world. In 2002, Korean drama series
titled Endless Love boom. This Korean drama series broadcast by two major
Indonesian television station that Indosiar and RCTI. Hallyu boom in Asian
countries in East and Southeast Asian countries, including Indonesia have
shown the flow of Korean culture to other countries. “The Korean wave refers
to the significantly increased popularity of South Korean culture around the
world; it is also referred to as hallyu, in the Korean language” (Lee 2011: 86).
The success of Korean drama is inseparable from the creativity and
imagination, which is developed by artists. Besides that, the good looks and
beauty of the artists, also raised the history, culture and people's daily
problems. The story is presented in a smart way also make the Indonesian
people love it much.
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Korean drama which come into Indonesia in the early 2000s, not only
became a regular entertainment. This drama has an impact in Indonesia. In the
world of entertainment screen, Indonesia itself has started to adapt the style
and content of the Korean drama story in serial form. An article published on
the website lautanindonesia.com mention that some Indonesian serial drama
storylines imitated Asian drama, including Korea.
Korean drama entertainment lovers come from various backgrounds
such as children, teenagers, and even adults. Through the Korean drama, the
Indonesian teenagers began imitating the way of dress inspired by Korean
artists. It is actually reasonable for teenager, because this is the phase in which
somebody will grow into adulthood. This development will be experienced by
a person when entering the age of 12 to 22 years. At this stage they usually
start looking for identity by trying new things and imitate those around them.
As mentioned by John W. Santrock, that teenager age is a transition in human
life span, the bridge childhood to adulthood (Santrock, 2012: 402).
Teenager age is a transition from childhood into adulthood. At this
time the teenager experience in all aspects of development / function to enter
adulthood. A span of teenager age is usually divided into three, namely 12 to
15 years of age is early teenager, 15-18 years is a mid-teenager, and then aged
18-22 years to late teenager (Rumini and Sundari, 2004: 53). At the end of the
teenager phase, is usually they have been steady and stable, they can begin to
determine the direction and purpose of his life. When the teen already has a
stance based on a clear pattern and a new discovery.
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Public enthusiasm for the Korean drama in Indonesia evident from
fanspage in some social networking site facebook. This site is named Korean
Drama Lovers Community, which already has 156 744 members. In addition,
the site is a forum lautanindonesia.com localized for the audience of Asian
dramas, including the Korean drama, discuss the drama that is currently
popular in the world, including Indonesia. This site also has a lot of members.
In theme, Korean dramas have in common with the other dramas. The
plot tells the stories of romance, family and everyday life. Therefore, the
audience is dominated by female, as written an article, "Korean drama in the
plot always describe or tell the dream of many young women, which had a
lover that handsome, well-known, respected, rich and full of affection that was
delivered with very romantic with sweet words and behavior are highly
desired by many young women (Ayu, 2011: 4).
The Koream drama is so synonymous with women, so there is some
theory that discusses why men do not like drama. According to Abercrombie
(1995) "The series is a woman's world; dominated by the domestic scene, the
emotions and feelings of strong female characters with a strong sympathy for
these feelings and problems. Men, it seems, are excluded from watching
Reviews These Program by Reviews their very nature "(Abercrombie, 1995:
51 in Prescott, 1998: 1). Because of that, the characters, was the reason why
women more like drama than in men.
Feminine side of women have emotional nature and feeling quite high.
Unlike the men who according to Paul J Yoon (Wulantari, 2012: 106) in the
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journal "Construction and Reproduction Group Masculinity Young Urban
Middle Class", masculinity, especially for Asians is likely to Heroism, power,
authority, and aggression. They would prefer a genre spectacle that suits his
character. "Male genres have traditionally had higher status, in terms of
budgets and critical esteem, they have been perceived and marked as: more
real, less emotional, and not escapist" (Branston, and Stafford, 2006: 81).
Although more women are watching Korean dramas, but that does not
mean there are no men are attracted to hallyu. Based on statistics from the site
Statshow, lautanindonesia is quite a large site in Indonesia and has been there
since 26 July 2006. Demographically visitors of this site 80 percent comes
from Indonesia, and it turns out that access to this site is not only women, but
also men with the same percentage. When viewed from static number of
visitors, until June 7, 2013, lautanindonesia has had as many as 493 320 per
month, and within a year had as much as 6.00206 million, with as many as
224 220 users. Additionally in the Community fanspage Korean Drama
Lovers, visitors and fans of the male is also quite high. These data indicate
that the high response Indonesian society towards entertainment and Korean
drama not only of women, but men as well.
Korean Drama in Indonesia is also favored by men. This is evident
from the fashion style of Indonesian teenage boys who have been following
the fashion trend Korean men. The number of teenage boys who love Korean
dramas, based on the conviction today's youth. They believe that man is okay
to cry, sensitivity, melancholy and others. And this portrayal who have shown
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through Korean dramas. In the Korean drama masculinity displayed side by
showing that it is soft emotion owned by men, that it is a natural thing, while it
has not been widely portrayed by the media in Indonesia (Wulantari, 2012: 1).
Based on this phenomenon, the writer is interested in studying and
researching further, how this Korean drama fever experienced many teenage
boys, including the male student in Islamic boarding school Pesma KH Mas
Mansur Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta, or more abbreviated with
“Pesma UMS”. The occupants Pesma known as male student is a student who
is being educated at the University of Muhammadiyah Surakarta in 2010,
2011, 2012 and 2013. In this Pesma they live in an Islamic scope ways, with
the given activities also in the form of Islamic activity, such as recitation,
kemuhamadiyahan, memorizing the Qur’an and so on. By getting more
religious knowledge and also in teenager age range that have entered the phase
of late teens, they should be more selective in their choice of media genres. In
addition, they have entered the age of late adolescent phase, they should have
a clear stance of life. They also have to have an ability to choose the program
that they watched.
To strengthen the research, the writer will describe previous studies.
The first study conducted by the student of Communication Studies,
University of Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Fitria Ramadhani titled "Fenomena
Budaya Korea di Kalangan Mahasiswa Penghuni Pesantren Mahasiswa
(PESMA) Noer Muttaqien, Pabelan Kartasura (Korean Cultural Phenomenon
Among Residents Students Boarding School Students (Pesma) Noer
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Muttaqien, Pabelan Kartasura)". The study was conducted in 2013 with a
focus on the analysis of the phenomenology of Korean pop culture among
pesma occupant students. The research method is qualitative research with
descriptive method. The results of these studies are fanatical student pesma
occupants against K-Pop, has given a change to the negative direction for
student occupants and the environment Pesma, that in fact life is purposeful
and has extensive knowledge of the teachings of Islam, is not enough to face
the media exposure especially impressions K -Pop. In a study of student
audiences pesma occupant has reached the level of the dominant hegemony.
Researchers choose further study, entitled "Unsur Budaya Korea
dalam Drama Korea Princess Hours (Elements of Korean Culture in Korean
Drama Princess Hours)". This research was conducted by the University of
March student named Rizky Adiyana Cahyati in 2011, with a research focus
cultural elements contained in the Korean drama Princess Hours. In the study
also explained whether the elements of culture is one of the causes of high
interest to watch Korean dramas in Indonesia. This study used a qualitative
method with descriptive approach. Where the results obtained is that the
Korean drama Princess Hours, there are four prominent cultural elements
inside the system of social organization, systems science, art and technology
and equipment. It also showed that the cultural elements that make a higher
appeal to the informant to watch Korean dramas.
From the exposure of this previous research studies conducted by the
writer with the title "Korean Drama and Male Student" with a focus on
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phenomena that occur among male student of Pesma KH Mas Mansur UMS
about Korean drama. In this study the writer uses descriptive qualitative
method. The writer considers the research is interesting, because it has the
distinction has with previous studies in site selection, and a broader
discussion.
B. Research Question
Research question in this research as follows:
How is the Korean drama culture phenomenon among male students of Pesma
KH Mas Mansur UMS?
C. Objective of Research
Describing the Korean drama culture phenomenon among male students of
Pesma KH Mas Mansur UMS.
D. Benefits of Research
The benefits that are expected from this research as follows:
1. Academic Benefits
a. To increase the knowledge and learning in knowing phenomenon of
Korean drama at Pesma KH Mas Mansur UMS students.
b. It can be used as raw material for the next research.
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2. Practical Benefits
Practical benefit of this research is to give contribution about Korean
drama especially about Korean drama evaluation that distribute in
Indonesia so that it can attract people.
E. Theoritical Review
Theory is a group of concept, definition, and proposition, which
explain about indication about systematic view by explaning among variables,
for defining and estimatig that indication (Kriyantono, 2010:43).
1. Communication Definition
Human is a social creature, so they will communicate with the
others, with interaction among others are the proof that the communication
is the important one in human life. West and Turner define that
communication is a social process in which individuals employ symbols to
establish and interpret meaning in their environment (West and Turner,
2007:5).
The other definition of communication is crossing the thought or
idea through system (example for phone or telegraph) for conveying
information and limitedly. The other definition of communication is
sending message from communicator to the partner to effect the
communicator behavior (Littlejohn, 2009:4). From several definitions can
be said that communication is an important for social societies.
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A word of communication is from Latin “communis”, it means
“same” communico, communication or communicare mean “making
same”. Communication states that a thought, a meaning or a message are
the same, but the contemporer definitions suggest that communication
concerning to way several things, such as “we share our thought,” “we
discus the meaning (Mulyana, 2007:46).
Harrold Laswell explained that communication process: who says
what, in what channel, to whom, with what effect. How a person sends
message through a certain media to someone who gives certain effect
(Beebe, 2010:10).
Based on the context and the level of analysis of communication
become five levels (Mulyana, 2007:80).
a. Interpersonal Communication
Communication process happens in someone, this
communication is communication base interpersonal and in other
contexts. Interpersonal communication is in two people
communication, three and others.
b. Interpersonal Communication
Interpersonal communicaiton with face to face that every
participat understands other reaction directly, in verbal or nonverbal.
c. Group Communication
Focus on interaction among people in small group, group
communication relates to interpersonal commmunication, but the
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explanation relates with group dynamics, efeciency and efectivity
conveying information in group, pattern and interction system, and
alsom making decision.
d. Organization Communication
To pattern and communication system happen in context and
organization net. Organization communication makes formal
communication and informal communication. Theory explanation
relates structure and organization function, relation between human,
communication and organizing process and also organization.
e. Mass Communication
Communication mass is a communication given to big society.
This communication process relates to four theories. This theory is
generally focused on the relating to media, media relation and society,
realtion between media and public, aspects from time communication,
and effect time communication to induvidual.
2. Mass Communication
Mass media name gives describsion about communication that
works in several scales, from limit scale to very large scale which concerns
whoever in society, mass media name relates to some having existed
media for long ago and it is still used even more developing, such as :
newspaper , magazine, film, radio, television, internet and others
(Morissan, 2010:1).
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Mass Communication according to West and Turner is mass
communication is communication to a large audience via mass media
(West dan Turner, 2007:40).
Mass communication is the process of meaning produciton
between mass media and public (Baran, 2012:7). Mass communication is
communication accomplished through a mediated message that is sent to
many people at the same time (Beebe, 2010:25). The identifications of
mass communication (Nurudin, 2007: 19) :
a. Communicator in mass communication is institutionalization
b. Communicating in mass communication hetrogenly
c. Message is general character
d. Communicating directly in one purpose
e. Mass communication makes in unison
f. Mass communication uses technic tool
g. Mass communication controled by gatekeeper
Functions of mass communication according to Jay Black dan
Frederick C. Whitney in (Nurudin, 2003:62):
a. To inform
b. To entertain
c. To persuade
d. Transmission of the culture
wherease mass communication function according to John Vivian
in (Nurudin, 2003:62) :
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a. Providing information
b. Providing entertainment
c. Helping to persuade
d. Contributing to social cohesion
There are some mass communication functions having been done
by Harold D Lasswell in (Nurudin, 2003:62) :
a. Surveilance of the environment
b. Correlation of the part of society in responding to the environment
c. Transmission of the social hetigate from one generation to the next
3. Gender and Mass Media
The development of the mass media today have an impact on
fender roles in social facts. Media is one of the main instruments that make
up the construction of gender in gender society. The concept of gender is a
distinction of roles, rights, obligations, power and opportunity between
men and women in public life. Gender may change from time to time and
may bary from one place to another place (Ligharyanti, 2014:30).
According to Hermes, we need to understand how the media to
show gender as constructions of feminity and masculinity are part of the
dominat ideology (McQuail, 2011:131).
Currently, the number of media research related to gender very
much, however he majority of these studies pioneered by theory refersto
social class and race. In addition, this study also took from Freud’s theory
of psychoanalysis owned and ideas of Jacques Lacan and Nancy
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Chodorow, with its main focus is on the role of gender in the audience
position (McQuail, 2011:132)
According to Ferguson, several types of content of media relates to
expression from indentity together based on gender. The study of media
audiences and reception of media content indicates that the use of the
media are rellatively large differences by gender (McQuail, 2011:133).
Morley revealed that the evidence that there is a considerable
difference to the use of the media can be judged by the differece in the
pattern of social roles by daily experience and attention to men and
women, and by means of gender shape the use of time is also associeated
with the role of power in the family and the nature of the relationship
between men and women (McQuail, 2011:133).
The definition of gender is the Division of roles and
responsibilities of both men and women, established society and culture.
Gender is a concept of great ways to self-nurture, while sex is a concept of
nature. Gender shaped by socio-cultural, so kriterianya can be different in
a different culture system. While sex is the concept of nature that comes
from nature and God.
Culture media by Douglas Kellner, pointed to a State audio visual
display has been helpful in arranging everyday life, dominate the
entertainment projects forming political opinion and social behavior,
giving even the supply of material to establish a person's identity (Kellner,
1996:164).
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4. Fan Culture
The group emerged as a phenomenon fan to consume cultural
activities have made a hobby. When someone likes a product of culture
and then he found common ground with othe people so the are aware of it
or not will form something fan group. Small group of fans is part of a large
umbrella lovers community culture, especially the popular cultural texts
(Sandika, 2010:17).
Fandom is often associated with a critical view of immaturity and
irrationality, an output of mass culture and an example of mass behavior.
Jensen (1992) (McQuail, 2011:197), we do not take the view that the same
enthusiasm in many other areas of cultural activity although it is difficult
to say how fans of popular groups differ in principle by example, opera
fans.
Until in this time the culture fans are often interpreted in a negative
context which is always characterized as a potential bigotry (Sandika,
2010:17). Culture fans are also interpreted as evidence of manipulation
and exploitation something that is driven by the media to strengthen ties
the product and the players, to help publicity and make extra money from
the sale of merchandise other media (McQuail, 2011:197).
According to Jenson (Sandika, 2010:17) shows two characteristic
of types of fans, obsessed individuals (usually male), and the hysterical
crowd (usually women) who were born from certian reading. Fans
regarded as psychological symptoms of social disfuction, so that the
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current perspective distinguishes fans obsessed with the general public and
hysterical. This stereotype is directly dominated by social views and not be
seen directly from the point of view of a fan.
According to Jenkins (Sandika, 2010:18), fans often get the spirit
of their ability to become part of another group of fans who had the
pleasure and the same problem. Fans will unite and form a the Communist
will be their tools to defend themselves from negative stereotypes and
trying to find other fans who have not joined in the community, because
they realize that enjoy the same cultural texts with them not only this.
Text consume cultural activities (media, film, literature, etc) is the
initial process of the activities consume media, fans will be enthusiastic
group of readers who consume culture texts. Enthusiasts will be actively
involved in consuming cultural texts, they would create new forms of
cultural production as a result of new business within the cultural text
consume. According to Storey (Sandika, 2010:18) mentions that the fan
culture can not be separated from cultural production, they have the
creativity to create a new alterntive to the aesthetic value of their own.
Fan group will actively empower themserves, against passive
cultural consumption activities, Fiske (Sandika, 2010:19) asserts that the
real difference between fans with a regular reader with a group of fans is
unsure over which goup of fans is excessive pop culture reader, exceeding
those who enjoy pop culture as usual.
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5. Drama
The entertainment program is all forms of broadcast that aims to
entertain the audience in the form of music, song, story, and game.
Programs included in the category of entertainment is drama, games,
musuc, and performances.
The word “drama” comes from Greek craomai which doing, act, or
react (Dewojati, 2010:7). The drama program is a show story about life or
character of a person or persons character played by players that involves
and emotion.
Drama is more emphasis on human-interest side aiming to invite
the audience to feel that events took a character, so that the audiences feel
as if it were in the film. Not uncommon to viewers who feel sad, pleased,
disappointed, and even gets angry (Joseph, 2011:20).
According to Hassanuddin mentions that drama has two dimension
of literature. Drama is one literature genre focuses as a creation which is
oriented to showing art as literature genre (Dewojati, 2010:8).
As literature genre, the drama is built and shaped by the elements
as seen in other literature genre, especially in the fiction drama. In the
drama also contained elements that shape and build of the literature in the
work itself (intrinsic) and elements that affect the creation of works of
which must come from outside the work (extrinsic) (Dewojati, 2010: 11).
Electronic cinema of better known in acronym serialized soap
opera drama that is broadcast on television. In Indonesia, the term was first
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coined by Soemardjono, in English called soap opera while in Spanish it is
called with a telenovela (Dewojati, 2010:25).
In soap opera, the story is performenced usually closed with daily,
and actors who are in rule usually have typical character can make
conflict. The conflict is more bigger and then it will be climax (Dewojati,
2010:25).
6. Phenomenology
Communication theory in the tradition of Phenomenology holds
that humans are actively interprets their experience so that is able to
understand his surroundings through personal experience and directly with
the environment (Morissan, 2013:31).
Phenomenology itself comes from the word phenomenon refers to
the appearance of an object, event, or condition that is seen. Therefore,
phenomenology is the way that humans use to understand the world
through direct experience
Maurice Merleau-Ponty, an expert in this tradition, wrote that, "all
my know-ledge of the world, even my scientific knowledge, is gained
from my own particular point of view” All the knowledge of the world,
even my scientific knowledge, gleaned from some of the experience will
be of the world. Thus, phenomenology of making real experience as a
principal data a reality all we can know is what we experience (Littlejhon
& Foss, 2009: 57).
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Phenomenology has a diversity which, it means classic
phenomenology, perception phenomenology, and hermeneutic
phenomenoloy. The classic phenomenoloy is related with Edmund
Husserl, as the founder of modern phenomenoloy. Husserl endeavor
developing method convinces the right through focus awareness. For him,
the right can be convinced through direct experience with our note must be
discipline in doing something. Only through attention right awarness can
be known in order it can reach rightness through awareness attention,
somehow, we must take a way our usual activity. We must take a way
understanding categorieses and usual activities in seeing something in
order to undergo something in the right way. In this case, things in the
world give us awareness. Husserl approchment in phenomenology is very
subjective where the world can be experienced without having to take
one's personal categories so that is centered on the process (Littlejohn &
Foss, 2009: 58).
Phenomenology is developed by Edmund Hussel is the method for
explaning in the purity. Phenomenon is everything with a way appearing
in human’s awarness, for result or something in reality or in idea, (Hussel
in Basuki, 2006: 72).
In contradiction with Husserl, every phenomenologist follows idea
that the experience in subjective not objective, and believing that the
subjectivity is the important knowledge. Maurice Merleau Ponty is the
important figure in two traditions thinks that humans are combination
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between phisical and mental make a fucntion in the world. As human, we
are effected by world but we effect also this world with how we undergo
(Littlejohn & Foss, 2009: 58).
The third branch is hermeneutik phenomenology, it is related with
Martin Heidegger that stated that a reality something not be known with
analysis in detail or decreasing, but by the experience done by dreated by
in using langguage in daily life. Something in reality is what is done by
language in context, where the word and language make somenthing
happen (Littlejohn and Foss, 2009: 59).
Phenomenology of approach is used to provide a framework for
how to understand reality. In the phenomenology of approach, reality lies
in human behavior in terms of the framework of thinking and acting of the
performers (Moleong, 2004:52).
According to the perspective of Phenomenology, it is not
unreasonable to think or argue that the world of the object and the subject
separately from our experience. This is because the rest of the object and
the subject must be present to us as something and manisvestation form
the reality at the time anywhere. Here the meaning is not something added
to the perception, as something that is well thought out and perception,
perception is always contrary intention, therefore the elements of his own
(Basuki, 2006: 74).
The research in phenomenology view is to understand the every
meaning and the relations with people able in certain situation placed by
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phenomenologist are subjective aspect from behavior of someone. The
research tried to enter in conceptual world in every subject is researched,
so understanding about what and how the meaning are developed by them
around the events in dailylife. Every phenomenologist believe to living
creature has a lot of ways to interpret the experience through intreraction
with the others, and the experience of ours will make the reality (Moleong,
2004:10).
Communication is a transportation having meaning from the
experience received or felt. Thinking is from speaking because meaning is
created from the words. When we communicate, so we are tring the new
ways to see the world. With this, the uderstanding phenomenology tries to
relate experience with language and social interaction becoming relevant
with discipline in comminication science (Morissan, 2013:33).
F. Research Methods
1. Types and Research Approaches
This research was used qualitative describtive that descriptive
research which aims to expose an event that generates descriptive data
which results in the written word. This study used a phenomenological
approach, the phenomenology of Approach used to provide frameworks
how to understand reality. In the phenomenology of approach, reality lies
in human behavior in terms of the framework of thinking and acting of the
performers (Moleong, 2004: 52).
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Phenomenological gives question describtively and relatively for
getting experience. Phenomenological describtive according to Husserl
and Hedegger see that the structure base from lived experience which was
concerened as individual pilar to they exist in the world (Adian, 2010:42)
In qualitative research methodology book, phenomenological was
explained as subjective experience or phenomenological experience and it
is as study about main prespective awareness of someone.
Phenomenological is always used as common argument shows subjective
experience from the subject type (Moleong, 2004:14).
Phenomenology is the view thinking that emphasizes on the focus
on the human subjective experience and interpretations of the world. In
this case, every phenologist want to understand how world exists to other
people (Moleong, 2004:15).
1. Place and Time of Research
The place was at International Islamic Boarding School Pesma KH
Mas Mansur Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta. The research was
done in June to August in 2014.
2. Data Source and Technical Informants Election
a. The Source and Techniques Election Informers are:
1. Primary source
Primary data is obtained and collected directly from a source in the
location or through methods and observations to interview
informers who is considered to be able to provide information in research
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needs (Ruslan, 2008: 138). In this case is doing observation and in depth
interview openly tell how they face a drama Korea especially in PESMA
that they live in, whether there was a change both for the student
companions PESMA or the environment of PESMA, when they watch
video drama Korea, how many hours needed time to watch drama Korea,
and how many times they watched drama Korea per week, and other
questions which is related to research.
2. Secondary data source
Secondary data that is data that will not directly from the
object that is examined in the form note, the agenda, literature, the report,
articles on the internet, and others about information that was related in
research (Ruslan, 2008 : 139). Because of that, this research must be
obtained through data taken from the administrators PESMA to know
about the number of companions PESMA and management list PESMA
KH Mas Mansur. Data was used for the decision-making
process samples from respondents.
b. Data Sampling
The withdrawal informers will be done with this
technique purposive sampling, namely the election samples based on
certain characteristics were thought to possess greater involvement in
or (Ruslan, 2008 : 157).
Writer selects a informers from the male student, who lived in the
International Islamic Boarding School KH Mas Mansur, And to get
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data that is more , I chose informers who came from the
background senior high schools that are different from senior high
school , SMA Islam, and senior high school Islamic boarding school. But
my respondents are as follows:
1.1 The Data Informant Profile Research
Name Gender The school (SMA)
Aulia Rahman Al-alaby Men Islamic Boarding
School Al MukminNgruki
Andi Primadani Men Islamic Boarding School
Assalam Solo
Ilham Men National Senio High school
2 Brebes
Muhammad Ghilang Men Man Babakan
3. Data Collection Techniques
a. Observation
According Nasution in (Raco, 2010:52) observation is base of
knowledge, every scientist can work based on fact about the reality
gotten through observation. Data collection technique was with
observing directly the objcet.
In this research will be done observed in international Islamic boarding
school man (PESMA) Pesma KH Mas Mansur. The purpose of
observation is to explain in detail about phenomenon at Pesma KH
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Mas Mansur. The research was in pasive focusing on activity and
behavior the dwellers of man Pesma KH Mas Mansur.
On this method made the writer having a bit of trouble. The writer was
only able to make observations in the morning until the afternoon.
However the writer still maximize the observation made the writer so
that the results obtained are really valid
b. Interview
Besides with observation, the researcher used collection method using
in deep interviewing technique. Interviewing is asking with some
meaning done by two sites, interviewer asked question with
interviewer that would give the answer to the question given
(Moleong, 2008:186).
4. Data Analysis Technique
Process for analyzing data :
a. Collecting data more, the data was gotten from interviewing,
observation and writing data.
b. The next step was to include all data gotten through some sources with
choosing or focusing to the main and important, where data are
obtained through a variety of sources. Abstraction is a way to make
core abstract, process, statements need to be kept in orderat it will be in
the use.
c. After getting data, then assemble the data in catgorazation in order that
the data understood easier.
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d. The last step is examining the data validity and taking conclusion
(Sugiyono, 2010:244).
5. Data Validity
To get more perfect research needs to do validity in reseach. In this
research, the writer used the way to improve data validity through
triangulation. Triangulation is a thecnique of examining data validity with
utilizing something in out when need to check the data (Moleong,
2006:24).
Triangulation in examination means as checking data from source
with doing some ways, and some times so that triangulation has four types,
triangulation method, collection triangulation, and time. (Sugiyono, 2010:
273).
In doing this research using triangulation method which examines
data credibility with examining data from source with different technique,
example: like data gotten with interviewing, then being examined with
using observation, documentation or questioner (Sugiyono, 2010:274).
Triangulation method was done with examining data from source
with same way in diffferent technique, like getting data from interviewing
of infromation, then it will be examined again using observation.