Chapter FifteenChapter Fifteen Career and Lifestyle Planning in Career and Lifestyle Planning in

Vocational Rehabilitation Vocational Rehabilitation SettingsSettingsMark D. Stauffer

David Capuzzi

Jerry A. Olsheski

Career Counseling: Foundations, Perspectives, and Applications edited by David Capuzzi and Mark Stauffer

Career Development Issues Career Development Issues for People With Disabilities for People With Disabilities

Lack of participation in the workforce Chronic unemployment Functional limitations

Career Development Issues for Career Development Issues for People With Disabilities People With Disabilities

(cont.) (cont.) Environmental barriers

Discrimination/stereotyping Lack of accessible/available transportation Fear of losing benefits Lack of education and training and supports to

secure, retain, or advance in employment

Career Theory and Career Theory and Disabilities Disabilities

Career theory relevancy

Disabilities omission from career research “Class-biased” research “Castification”

More Appropriate More Appropriate Theoretical ModelsTheoretical Models

Hershenson’s Theory

Model for work adjustment Work personality Work competencies Appropriate work goals

More Appropriate More Appropriate Theoretical Models (cont.)Theoretical Models (cont.)Hershenson’s (2005) INCOME MODEL

Imagining iNforming Choosing Obtaining Maintaining Exiting.

More Appropriate More Appropriate Theoretical Models (cont.)Theoretical Models (cont.)

Szymanski and Hershenson’s Ecological model of vocational behavior Five theoretical construct groupings Six processes

More Appropriate More Appropriate Theoretical Models (cont.)Theoretical Models (cont.)

Ecological Model’s Five Theoretical Construct Groupings

1. Individual2. Context3. Mediating4. Environment5. Outcome

More Appropriate More Appropriate Theoretical Models (cont.)Theoretical Models (cont.)

Ecological Model’s Six Processes

1. Development2. Decision making3. Socialization4. Allocation5. Chance6. Labor market forces

American’s With Disabilities American’s With Disabilities ACT (ADA) 1990ACT (ADA) 1990

Title I Access to employment Title II Public services Title III Public accommodation Title IV Telecom. provisions Title V Miscellaneous provisions

American’s With Disabilities ACTAmerican’s With Disabilities ACT(ADA) 1990 (cont.)(ADA) 1990 (cont.)

“Qualified individual with a disability” Reasonable accommodations Job accommodation process Undue hardship/direct threat

American’s With Disabilities American’s With Disabilities Amendments ActAmendments Act

(ADAA) 2008(ADAA) 2008

Shifted the general emphasis from a burden on the individual to prove disability to focusing on the act of discrimination itself

Individual subjected to an action prohibited by the ADA because of an actual or perceived impairment will meet the “regarded as” definition of disability.

Expanded definitions E.g., major life activities now included bending,

reading and communicating

Functional CapacityFunctional Capacity

Functional limitationsvs.

Disability performance

Categorization of limitationsBrodwin, Parker, and DeLaGarza (2003)

19 Categories of Limitations19 Categories of LimitationsBrodwin, Parker, and DeLaGarza (2003) Brodwin, Parker, and DeLaGarza (2003)

difficulty in interpreting information limitations of sight and total blindness

limitations of hearing and total deafness fainting, dizziness, and seizures

in-coordination; limitation of stamina limitation of head movement

reaching, lifting and carrying difficulty in handling and fingering

inability to use the upper extremities difficulty in sitting

difficulty in using the lower extremities poor balance

cognitive limitation emotional limitation

limitation due to disfigurement substance abuse

pain limitation

Job Analysis Information Job Analysis Information

Job analysis describes in a systematic manner:

• What the worker does• How the work is done• Results of the work• Worker characteristics• Context of work

• Organization & environmental factors(U.S. Department of Labor, 1982)

Job Analysis Information Job Analysis Information (cont.) (cont.)

Five “physical demand” categoriesof Dictionary of Occupational Titles

(U.S. Department of Labor, 1991)

• Sedentary work• Light work• Medium work• Heavy work• Very heavy work

Vocational Rehabilitation Vocational Rehabilitation ServicesServices

Vocational rehabilitation services are defined as continuous and coordinated services that are designed to enable a person with a disability to secure and retain suitable employment. (Wright, 1980)

Vocational Rehabilitation Vocational Rehabilitation Services (cont.)Services (cont.)

Public rehabilitation services Private rehabilitation services Employer-based rehabilitation services

Vocational Rehabilitation Vocational Rehabilitation Services (cont.)Services (cont.)

Work adjustment training

Work evaluation (e.g., work samples, situational approach, on-the-job evaluation)

Supported employment(e.g., job coaching, “place-train-follow-up”)

Vocational Rehabilitation Vocational Rehabilitation ServicesServices

• Job seeking skills training (JSST)

• Assistive technology/rehabilitation engineering

• Physical restoration services

Legislative ActsLegislative Acts

Soldier Rehabilitation Act of 1918

Smith-Fess Act of 1920

Social Security Act in 1935

Barden-LaFollette Act of 1943

Rehabilitation Act of 1973

ReferencesReferencesBrodwin, M., Parker, M., & DeLaGarza, D. (2003). Disability and accommodation. In

E.M. Szymanski & R.M. Parker (Eds.). Work and disability: Issues andstrategies for career development and job placement (2nd ed.).(pp. 201-246). Austin, TX: Pro-ed.

Hershenson, D. (1981). Work adjustment, disability, and the three r’s of vocational rehabilitation: A conceptual model. Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, 25, 91-97.

Hershenson, D. (2005). INCOME: A culturally inclusive and disability-sensitive framework for organizing career development concepts and interventions. The Career Development Quarterly, 54, 150-161.

United States Department of Labor (1991). Dictionary of occupational titles (4th ed.).Indianapolis, IN: JIST Works.

United States Department of Labor (1982). Handbook for analyzing jobs. Washington,DC: Government Printing Office.

Wright, G. (1980). Total rehabilitation. Boston: Little, Brown & Company.