chapter 9a intro to routing & switching. upon completion of this chapter, you should be able...
TRANSCRIPT
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IPV4 SUBNETTING
Chapter 9a
Intro to Routing & Switching
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OBJECTIVES Upon completion of this chapter, you
should be able to: Explain why routing is necessary for hosts on
different networks to communicate. Describe IP as a communication protocol used
to identify a single device on a network. Given a network and a subnet mask, calculate
the number of host addresses available. Calculate the necessary subnet mask in order
to accommodate the requirements of a network.
Describe the benefits of variable length subnet masking (VLSM)
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IPV4 ADDRESSING
REVIEW
9.1
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ADDRESSING REVIEW- 5Q
How many bits in an IPv4 address?32
How many octets in an IPv4 address?4
What’s the range of numbers in each octet?0-255
What are the bit values?128, 64, 32, 16, 8, 4, 2, 1
Convert 192.168.1.10611000000.10101000.00000001.01101010
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CONVERSION PRACTICE 1
11100101 to decimal
10001110 to decimal
11111000 to decimal
11111111 to decimal
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CONVERSION PRACTICE 2
192 to binary
224 to binary
47 to binary
115 to binary
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IP ADDRESS REVIEW- CLASS A
Range:
Default Subnet Mask:
Which octets are Network & Host?
How many hosts available?
Give an example IP & SM:
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CONVERT A 5 to binary
77 to binary
100 to binary
127 to binary
What’s in common with all of them?
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IP ADDRESS REVIEW- CLASS B
Range:
Default Subnet Mask:
Which octets are Network & Host?
How many hosts available?
Give an example IP & SM:
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CONVERT B 128 to binary
142 to binary
191 to binary
What’s in common here?
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IP ADDRESS REVIEW- CLASS C
Range:
Default Subnet Mask:
Which octets are Network & Host?
How many hosts available, total & useable?
Give an example IP & SM:
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CONVERT C 192 to binary
200 to binary
223 to binary
What’s common here?
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OTHER CLASSES Class D
Multicasting
Class EExperimental Use
Private AddressesA-B-C-
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SUBNET MASKS
9.2
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SUBNET MASKS & SLASH
255.255.255.0How many total bits are on? (1’s)
11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000 /24 notation
255.255.0.0How many total bits are on? (1’s)
11111111.11111111.00000000.00000000 /16 notation
255.255.255.248How many total bits are on? (1’s)
11111111.11111111.11111111.11111000 /29 notation
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ROUTERS, IP’S & SUBNET MASKS
Router ONLY knows which NETWORKS it is connected to!!!
Doesn’t care about individual hosts
It ANDs the IP & Subnet Mask
Result= DESTINATION NETWORK
Looks in routing table for destination network & sends it out the outgoing port
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ANDING
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CLASSFUL SUBNETTING
9.3
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PARTS OF THE NETWORK
Network
Subnetwork
Hosts
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SUBNETTING-SPLIT UP THE IP ADDRESS
Borrow bits from host portion to make new networks
Ask yourself…How many networks do you need?How many hosts per network are there?
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SOME RULES FIRST… You MUST borrow at least 2 bits or leave at
least 2 bits Class C has 1 octet to borrow from Class B has 2 octets to borrow from Class A has 3 octets to borrow from
Remember the powers of 2 22= 4 23= 8 24= 16 25= 32 26= 64
Remember 2 you can’t use:
Network & Broadcast
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199.72.101.0
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199.72.101.0
1. 199.72.101.0-312. .32-.63 (.33-.62)3. .64-.95 (.65-.94)4. .96-.127 (.97-.126)5. .128-.159 (.129-.158)6. .160-.191
(.161- .190)7. .192-.223 (.191-.222)8. .224-.255
Total Range #3 Useable Range #2
Network ID 199.72.101.64 /27
Broadcast Address 199.72.101.95 /27
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ASSIGN ADDRESSES
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ROUTER…ACTION! A packet with a destination IP of
199.72.101.85 255.255.255.224 goes to a router It ANDs to come up with the NETWORK #
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HOW TO WORK BACKWARDS
221.17.125.46 /28What class address?
C: Only deal with the last octet!255.255.255.24011111111.11111111.11111111.11110000How many bits borrowed?
4 24= 16 networks
How many bits left over? 4 24= 16 hosts per sub-network
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WORK BACKWARDS Based on the IP address & SM, identify…
The network addressThe broadcast addressHow many bits were borrowedHow many bits were left over Is the address valid
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WHAT’S WRONG? Are the hosts on the same network or
separate?
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QUESTIONS What’s the broadcast address for
201.78.90.0 /24?201.78.90.255Default SM, no subnetting
Sam’s Beef Hut uses network 215.67.106.0 & 255.255.255.240 to create subnets. How many useable hosts can be created per network?14
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QUESTIONS Which class gives you the most
hosts/network?A
Which class give you the most networks?C
Public IP addresses must be __________.
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CLASSLESS SUBNETTING
CIDR VLSM You can subnet, for each unequal
networkYour address is 210.1.17.64 /26
Net A needs 37 hosts Net B needs 15 hosts Net C needs 100 hosts
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CIDR BLOCK FOR ROUTER
Instead of having multiple subnet entries for each router port, CIDR uses the common bits to make ONE routing table address per port.
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REVIEW- 4Q
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REVIEW- 4Q
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REVIEW & STUDY Complete the study guide handout
Take the quiz on netacad.com
Jeopardy review
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SUMMARYIn this chapter, you learned:
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IPV4 SUBNETTING
Chapter 9a
Intro to Routing & Switching