Chapter 9: GENETICS & THE SCIENCE OF HEREDITYLearning Target Vocabulary Word Definition Facts or Examples Symbol/PictureLesson 1

I can describe the results of Mendel’s

experiments…

hereditythe passing of physical ________________ from parents to ____________

example = I have brown eyes because my mom does.

traita specific

____________________

examples = plant producing green or yellow seeds; brown

hair, blonde hair, red hair

sometimes traits of an offspring were similar to its

parent, sometimes they were different

genetics the scientific study of _________________

_______________ studies formed the foundation of

genetics

fertilizationthe process when a

new organism __________ to form

when an _______and sperm cell combine

purebredthe offspring of many ________________that

have the ________form of a trait

gene factors that control a __________________

I can identify the role of alleles in controlling the inheritance of

traits…

alleles _______________ forms of a gene

B or bcapital is _________

lower case is _____________

dominant allele

one whose trait _______________ shows

up in the organism when the allele is

_____________

the _____________trait shows up in a child if one or both

parents have itexample = brown eyed mom, blue eyed dad =

brown eyed child

B

recessive allele

a trait that is _____________ whenever the

dominant is present

a weaker trait that will only show up if ____________ parents have the trait

example = blue eyes is recessive

b

hybridwhen an organism has two different

___________ for a trait BbLesson 2

I can define probability and describe how it

helps explain the results of genetic

crosses…

probabilitya number that describes how

___________it is that an event will

__________

a 1 in2 probability is expressed as ½ or 50%

Punnett square

a chart that shows all the possible ways

alleles can _____________ in a

genetic ___________

geneticists use Punnett squares to see these

combinations to determine the _________________ of a

particular outcome or result

I can explain what is meant by

phenotype and genotype…

phenotypean organism’s

physical ___________________

genotypesan organism’s

__________ _________ or alleles

homozygouswhen an organism

has two ____________alleles for

a trait

homo = same BB or bb

heterozygous when an organism has two _____________

alleles for a trait

Mendel used the term __________ to describe a

heterozygous trait

hetero = differentBb

Lesson 3

I can describe at least three

complex patterns of inheritance…

incomplete dominance

occurs when one allele is only

____________ dominant

example = red and white snapdragons create a __________ snapdragon

codominanceoccurs when

__________ alleles for a gene are expressed

______________

mom has blood type Adad has blood type B

child has blood type _______

multiple alleles

means that __________ or more possible

alleles determine the trait

4 alleles control the color of fur in some rabbits.

Depending on which 2 alleles a rabbit inherits, its coat

color can range from brownish gray to white.

polygenic inheritance

occurs when more than one ____________

affects a trait

the alleles of the different genes work together to

produce these traits

result in a broad range of phenotypes like human

height or the time it takes a plant to flower

I can discuss how characteristics

result from inheritance and environmental

factors…

Environmental factors can influence the way genes are

expressed.

Lesson 4

I can describe the role of

chromosomes and genes play in inheritance…

According to the chromosome theory of

inheritance, genes pass from parents to their offspring on______________________.

I can identify the events that occur

during meiosis and fertilization…

meiosis the process by which the number of

chromosomes is reduced by __________

as __________ cells form

in humans you end up with ____ chromosomes in each

egg and sperm cell

DNA transfers this way through ___________

reproduction

I can compare sexual

reproduction requiring meiosis

and asexual reproduction

involving mitosis…

asexual reproduction

one parent cell – copies the _________

then divides making 2 ________ copies

mitosis

examples = skin cells, amoebas

Learning Targets Chapter 9

Lesson 1 I can describe the results of Mendel’s experiments…In all of his crosses, Mendel found that only one form of the trait appeared in the ____ generation. However, in the ____ generation, the “lost” form of the trait always _____________ in about _________ fourth of the plants.I can identify the role of alleles in controlling the inheritance of traits…

An organism’s ___________are controlled by the ______________ it inherits from its parents. Some alleles are dominant, while other alleles are______________.

Lesson 2I can define probability and describe how it helps explain the results of genetic crosses…

In a genetic cross, the ________________ of alleles that parents can pass to an offspring is based on___________________ .

I can explain what is meant by phenotype and genotype…An organism’s ______________ is its physical appearance, or visible traits. An organism’s _____________is its genetic makeup, or _____________.

Lesson 3I can describe at least three complex patterns of inheritance…Most traits are the result of complex patterns of inheritance including _________________________________, ____________________________, and ___________________________________________.

I can discuss how characteristics result from inheritance and environmental factors…_____________________ factors can influence the way _____________ are expressed.

Lesson 4I can describe the role of chromosomes and genes play in inheritance…_____________ pass from parents to their offspring on___________________.

I can identify the events that occur during meiosis and fertilization…

______________ produces sex cells that have _____________ as many chromosomes as ____________ cells.I can compare sexual reproduction requiring meiosis and asexual reproduction involving mitosis…DNA transfer through _____________ reproduction requiring meiosis and ______________ reproduction requiring __________ equip organisms in different ways for ______________________.