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Chapter 9: Virtualization andCloud Computing

IT Essentials 7.0

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Chapter 9 - Sections & Objectives

9.1 Virtualization• Install a virtual machine on a computer.

– Explain server virtualization.– Install virtualization software on a computer.

9.2 Cloud Computing• Compare cloud computing concepts.

– Describe the uses of the cloud. – Explain characteristics of public, private, hybrid and community cloud

computing.

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9.1 VIRTUALIZATION

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Cloud Computing and Virtualization

Virtualization enables a single computer to host multiple independent virtual computers called virtual machines (VM) that share the host computer hardware.

Virtualization software separates the actual physical hardware from the VM instances.

An image of a VM can be saved as a file and then be re-started when required.• Cloud computing separates the applications from

the hardware.• Service providers such as Amazon Web Services

(AWS) own and manage the cloud infrastructure. Virtualization is the foundation which supports cloud

computing.

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Traditional Server Deployment

Traditionally, organizations delivered applications and services using powerful dedicated servers.

These dedicated servers are equipped with large amounts of RAM, powerful CPUs, and multiple large storage devices.

Disadvantages include: wasted resources, single-point of failure, and server sprawl.

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Server Virtualization

Server virtualization takes advantage of idle resources to reduce the number of servers required.

A program called the hypervisor is used to create and manage computer resources and multiple VM instances.

It provides VMs access to the hardware in the physical machine such as CPUs, memory, disk controllers, and NICs.

Each VM runs a complete and separate operating system.

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Advantages of Server Virtualization

Better use of resources Less space required Less energy consumed Reduced cost Faster server provisioning Maximize server uptime Improved disaster recovery Support for legacy systems

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Boot Options Dual Boot

• You can have multiple operating systems installed on a single PC.• Each OS must be on its own hard drive or partition.• The Boot Loader (boot.ini) allows you to choose between them at boot time.

Client-Side Virtualization• Occurs when a host machine uses its system resources to host a virtual

machine sometimes called a guest. • A host machine must be a physical machine that

is powered on and controlled by a user. • A virtual machine uses the system resources on

the host machine to boot and run an OS.• The OS of the virtual machine is independent of

the OS installed on the host machine.

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Client-Side Virtualization

Client-side virtualization enables users to run VMs on their local computer. Allows users to test new operating systems, software, or to run older software. Host computer – The physical computer controlled by a user. Host OS - The operating system of the

host computer. Guest OS - The operating system that is

running in the VM.

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Client-Side Virtualization

Benefits• Smaller physical footprint• Less power and AC requirements• Centralized management capability• Lower costs because corporate images are managed centrally on a server• Protection of corporate data and virtual images through centralized

management of security policies• Improved user experience due to local execution of applications• Allows multiple operating systems to run on a single PC simultaneously.• Allows for the creation of a VM to support applications not supported by the

host OS.

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Type 1 Hypervisors

Also known as native hypervisor. Typically used with server virtualization. For example,

they are used in data centers and cloud computing. Runs directly on the hardware of a host and manage

the allocation of system resources to VMs. Installed directly on a server. Type 1 hypervisors include VMware vSphere / ESXi,

Xen, and Oracle VM Server.

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Type 2 Hypervisors

Also known as hosted hypervisors. Commonly used with client-side virtualization. Work with the host computer to create and use multiple

VMs. Does not require management console software. Type 2 hypervisors include VMware Workstation,

Windows Hyper-V, and Oracle VirtualBox.

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Virtual Machine Requirements

Windows Hyper-V Minimum Requirements for Windows 10

Host OS Windows 10 Pro or Windows Server (2012 and 2016)

Processor 64-bit CPU with Second Level Address Translation (SLAT)

BIOS CPU support for VM Monitor Mode Extension (VT-c on Intel CPUs)

Memory Minimum 4GB system RAM

Hard Disk Space At least 15GB per VM

Hyper-V is included in Windows 10 Pro

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Virtual Machine Requirements

Windows Hyper-V Minimum Requirements for Windows 8

Host OS Windows 8 Pro or Enterprise 64-bit OS

Processor 64-bit CPU with Second Level Address Translation (SLAT)

BIOS BIOS-level Hardware Virtualization support

Memory Minimum 4GB system RAM

Hard Disk Space At least 15GB per Virtual OS

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Virtual Machine Requirements

Windows Virtual PC Requirements in Windows 7

Processor 1 GHz 32-bit or 64-bit Processor

Memory 2GB

Hard Disk Space At least 15 GB per Virtual OS

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Partitioning – A single host can serve many VMs. The memory capacity of a host and the memory requirements for VMs are a limiting factor.

Isolation – VMs that share the same host are completely isolated from each other. The only operational hazard is improper design of resources that are shared, such as network bandwidth or disk access.

Encapsulation – VMs are a set of files that describe files and define their resource usage and specify unique identifiers. As such, VMs are extremely simple to back up, modify, or even duplicate.

Hardware abstraction – VMs are easily moved between hosts. Hardware abstraction simplifies maintenance and allows for load balancing of available physical server resources.

Key Concepts: VM Benefits

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9.2 CLOUD COMPUTING

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Journey into the Cloud

Cloud computing allows applications to be accessed over the Internet by individual users or businesses using any device, anywhere in the world.

Cloud Computing and Virtualization are not the same thing.• Cloud computing separates the application from the hardware whereas

virtualization separates the OS from the underlying hardware.

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On-Demand Self-Service

• Provision computing capabilities.

• Server time and network storage

• No human interaction

Broad Network Access• Available over the network

• Mobile phones, tablets, laptops, workstations

Measured and Metered Service

• Automatically control and optimize resources• Usage can be monitored, controlled, and reported

Resource Pooling

• Pooled to serve multiple consumers.

• Dynamically assigned and reassigned according to consumer demand.

Rapid Elasticity• Capabilities provisioned and

released to scale outward and inward with demand.

• Capabilities often appear unlimited.

Cloud Computing Characteristics

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Cloud Computing Benefits

Corporate Benefits:• The company only needs to pay for the amount of processing and storage

capacity that it uses. • The company can increase processing and storage capacity as needed and

then decrease capacity when it is no longer needed. • The company does not need to be concerned about how to handle increasing

data storage and processing demands with in-house data center equipment. Lab Benefits:

• Virus and worm attacks are more easily controlled in a virtualized environment, thus helping to protect the network and its devices from attack.

User Benefits:• Allows users to access data anywhere and at any time

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Centralization

Virtualization

Automation

Standardization

IT Principles that Form the Cloud

Cloud computing is feasible due to the fundamental principles that are applied in modern IT infrastructures and data centers:• Centralization (such as consolidation) that aggregates the computing, storage,

network, and application resources in central locations, or data centers• Virtualization, by which seamless scalability and quick provisioning can

be achieved• Automation, which creates time savings and

enables user-based self-provisioning of IT services

• Standardization, which makes possible integration of components from multiple vendors

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Cloud Services

Cloud service providers can provide various services tailored to meet customer requirements:• Software as a Service (SaaS)• Platform as a Service (PaaS)• Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)• Anything as a Service (XaaS)

Each cloud model offers specific features and functionalities.

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Cloud Architecture

Software as a Service (SaaS)• Also known as cloud application services.• Utilizes the internet to deliver applications, which are managed by a third-party vendor, to

its users. • Reduces the time and money spent on tedious tasks such as installing, managing, and

upgrading software.• Most commonly utilized option for businesses in the cloud market.• A majority of SaaS applications run directly

through your web browser, which means they do not require any downloads or installations on the client side.

• Best for an organization that does not have the technical knowledge to host and maintain applications at their local site.

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Cloud Architecture

SaaS Characteristics• There are a few ways to help you determine when SaaS is being utilized:• Managed from a central location• Hosted on a remote server• Accessible over the internet• Users not responsible for hardware or software updates

Examples:• Google Apps• Dropbox• Salesforce• Cisco WebEx• GoToMeeting

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Cloud Architecture

Platform as a Service (PaaS)• Delivers a framework for developers that they can build upon and use to create

customized applications. • Provides a cloud components to certain software while being used mainly for applications. • All servers, storage, and networking can be managed by the enterprise or a third-party

provider while the developers can maintain management of the applications.• Allows customers to develop, run, and manage applications without the complexity of

building and maintaining the infrastructure typically associated with developing and launching an app.

• Frees users from having to install in-house hardware and software to develop or run a new application.

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Cloud Architecture PaaS Characteristics

• Builds on virtualization technology, so resources can easily be scaled up or down as your business changes.

• Provides a variety of services to assist with the development, testing, and deployment of apps.

• Accessible to numerous users and locations via the same development application.• Integrates web services and databases.

Examples:• Amazon Web Services• Windows Azure• Google App Engine• Apache Stratos• OpenShift

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Cloud Architecture Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

• Made of highly scalable and automated compute resources. • Fully self-service for accessing and monitoring computers, networking, storage,

and other services.• Easy to automate deployment of storage, networking, servers, and processing

power• Allows businesses to purchase

resources on-demand and as-needed instead of having to buy hardware outright.

• Cloud service providers have extended the IaaS model to also provide IT as a service (ITaaS).

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Cloud Architecture IaaS Characteristics

• Resources are available as a service• Cost varies depending on consumption• Services are highly scalable• Multiple users on a single piece of hardware• Organization retain complete control of the infrastructure• Dynamic and flexible

Examples:• Rackspace• Amazon Web Services (AWS)• Microsoft Azure• Google Compute Engine (GCE)

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XaaS

Anything as a Service (XaaS)• Businesses can cut costs and get

specific kinds of personal resources by purchasing services from providers on a subscription basis.

• Includes all the services in a cloud that customers can order over the Internet.

DaaSdesktop as a service

CaaScommunica-

tions as a service

MaaSmonitoring or management as a service

NaaSnetwork as a service

DRaaSdisaster recovery

as a service

UCaaSunified

communications as a service

ITaaSIT as a service

SaaSStorage as a service

DBaaSdatabaseas

a service

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Cloud Services

Virtual Desktop Infrastructure – Provides a uniform learning environment to all users.

Virtual Application Stream – A form of on-demand software distribution.• A hosted solution used to deploy an

application (Learning Management System (LMS) or gradebook).

IaaS – a client gets only infrastructure. PaaS – a client gets infrastructure and

software for application development SaaS – a client gets a ready-to-use

application in the cloud.

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9.3 CHAPTER SUMMARY

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Chapter 9: Virtualization and Cloud Computing

Explain server virtualization. Install virtualization software on a computer. Describe uses of the cloud. Explain characteristics of public, private, hybrid and community cloud computing.

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