chapter 9 using telephone and cable networks -computer_network
DESCRIPTION
computer_networkTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Chapter 9 using telephone and cable networks -computer_network](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55561c3cd8b42a3f168b5511/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
9.1
Chapter 9
Using Telephoneand Cable Networks
for Data Transmission
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
![Page 2: Chapter 9 using telephone and cable networks -computer_network](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55561c3cd8b42a3f168b5511/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
9.2
9-1 TELEPHONE NETWORK9-1 TELEPHONE NETWORK
Telephone networks use circuit switching. The Telephone networks use circuit switching. The telephone network had its beginnings in the late telephone network had its beginnings in the late 1800s. The entire network, which is referred to as the 1800s. The entire network, which is referred to as the plain old telephone systemplain old telephone system ( (POTSPOTS), was originally an ), was originally an analog system using analog signals to transmit voice.analog system using analog signals to transmit voice.
Major ComponentsLATAsSignalingServices Provided by Telephone Networks
Topics discussed in this section:Topics discussed in this section:
![Page 3: Chapter 9 using telephone and cable networks -computer_network](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55561c3cd8b42a3f168b5511/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
9.3
Figure 9.1 A telephone system
Endoffices
Local loop
Trunk
Tandemoffices Regional offices
Trunk
• • •
![Page 4: Chapter 9 using telephone and cable networks -computer_network](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55561c3cd8b42a3f168b5511/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
9.4
Intra-LATA services are provided by local exchange carriers.
Since 1996, there are twotypes of LECs: incumbent local
exchange carriers and competitive local exchange carriers.
Note
![Page 5: Chapter 9 using telephone and cable networks -computer_network](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55561c3cd8b42a3f168b5511/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
9.5
Figure 9.2 Switching offices in a LATA
![Page 6: Chapter 9 using telephone and cable networks -computer_network](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55561c3cd8b42a3f168b5511/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
9.6
Figure 9.3 Point of presences (POPs)
![Page 7: Chapter 9 using telephone and cable networks -computer_network](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55561c3cd8b42a3f168b5511/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
9.7
The tasks of data transfer and signaling are separated in modern telephone
networks: data transfer is done by one network, signaling by another.
Note
![Page 8: Chapter 9 using telephone and cable networks -computer_network](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55561c3cd8b42a3f168b5511/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
9.8
Figure 9.4 Data transfer and signaling networks
![Page 9: Chapter 9 using telephone and cable networks -computer_network](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55561c3cd8b42a3f168b5511/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
9.9
Figure 9.5 Layers in SS7
![Page 10: Chapter 9 using telephone and cable networks -computer_network](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55561c3cd8b42a3f168b5511/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
9.10
9-2 DIAL-UP MODEMS9-2 DIAL-UP MODEMS
Traditional telephone lines can carry frequencies Traditional telephone lines can carry frequencies between 300 and 3300 Hz, giving them a bandwidth of between 300 and 3300 Hz, giving them a bandwidth of 3000 Hz. All this range is used for transmitting voice, 3000 Hz. All this range is used for transmitting voice, where a great deal of interference and distortion can where a great deal of interference and distortion can be accepted without loss of intelligibility.be accepted without loss of intelligibility.
Modem StandardsTopics discussed in this section:Topics discussed in this section:
![Page 11: Chapter 9 using telephone and cable networks -computer_network](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55561c3cd8b42a3f168b5511/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
9.11
Figure 9.6 Telephone line bandwidth
![Page 12: Chapter 9 using telephone and cable networks -computer_network](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55561c3cd8b42a3f168b5511/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
9.12
Modemstands for modulator/demodulator.
Note
![Page 13: Chapter 9 using telephone and cable networks -computer_network](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55561c3cd8b42a3f168b5511/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
9.13
Figure 9.7 Modulation/demodulation
![Page 14: Chapter 9 using telephone and cable networks -computer_network](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55561c3cd8b42a3f168b5511/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
9.14
Figure 9.8 The V.32 and V.32bis constellation and bandwidth
![Page 15: Chapter 9 using telephone and cable networks -computer_network](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55561c3cd8b42a3f168b5511/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
9.15
Figure 9.9 Uploading and downloading in 56K modems
![Page 16: Chapter 9 using telephone and cable networks -computer_network](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55561c3cd8b42a3f168b5511/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
9.16
9-3 DIGITAL SUBSCRIBER LINE9-3 DIGITAL SUBSCRIBER LINE
After traditional modems reached their peak data rate, After traditional modems reached their peak data rate, telephone companies developed another technology, telephone companies developed another technology, DSL, to provide higher-speed access to the Internet. DSL, to provide higher-speed access to the Internet. Digital subscriber lineDigital subscriber line ( (DSLDSL) technology is one of the ) technology is one of the most promising for supporting high-speed digital most promising for supporting high-speed digital communication over the existing local loops. communication over the existing local loops.
ADSLADSL LiteHDSLSDSLVDSL
Topics discussed in this section:Topics discussed in this section:
![Page 17: Chapter 9 using telephone and cable networks -computer_network](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55561c3cd8b42a3f168b5511/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
9.17
ADSL is an asymmetric communication technology designed for residential
users; it is not suitable for businesses.
Note
![Page 18: Chapter 9 using telephone and cable networks -computer_network](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55561c3cd8b42a3f168b5511/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
9.18
The existing local loops can handle bandwidths up to 1.1 MHz.
Note
![Page 19: Chapter 9 using telephone and cable networks -computer_network](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55561c3cd8b42a3f168b5511/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
9.19
ADSL is an adaptive technology. The system uses a data ratebased on the condition of
the local loop line.
Note
![Page 20: Chapter 9 using telephone and cable networks -computer_network](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55561c3cd8b42a3f168b5511/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
9.20
Figure 9.10 Discrete multitone technique
![Page 21: Chapter 9 using telephone and cable networks -computer_network](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55561c3cd8b42a3f168b5511/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
9.21
Figure 9.11 Bandwidth division in ADSL
![Page 22: Chapter 9 using telephone and cable networks -computer_network](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55561c3cd8b42a3f168b5511/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
9.22
Figure 9.12 ADSL modem
![Page 23: Chapter 9 using telephone and cable networks -computer_network](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55561c3cd8b42a3f168b5511/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
9.23
Figure 9.13 DSLAM
![Page 24: Chapter 9 using telephone and cable networks -computer_network](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55561c3cd8b42a3f168b5511/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
9.24
Table 9.2 Summary of DSL technologies
![Page 25: Chapter 9 using telephone and cable networks -computer_network](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55561c3cd8b42a3f168b5511/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
9.25
9-4 CABLE TV NETWORKS9-4 CABLE TV NETWORKS
The The cable TV networkcable TV network started as a video service started as a video service provider, but it has moved to the business of Internet provider, but it has moved to the business of Internet access. In this section, we discuss cable TV networks access. In this section, we discuss cable TV networks per se; in Section 9.5 we discuss how this network can per se; in Section 9.5 we discuss how this network can be used to provide high-speed access to the Internet.be used to provide high-speed access to the Internet.
Traditional Cable NetworksHybrid Fiber-Coaxial (HFC) Network
Topics discussed in this section:Topics discussed in this section:
![Page 26: Chapter 9 using telephone and cable networks -computer_network](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55561c3cd8b42a3f168b5511/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
9.26
Figure 9.14 Traditional cable TV network
![Page 27: Chapter 9 using telephone and cable networks -computer_network](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55561c3cd8b42a3f168b5511/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
9.27
Communication in the traditional cable TV network is unidirectional.
Note
![Page 28: Chapter 9 using telephone and cable networks -computer_network](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55561c3cd8b42a3f168b5511/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
9.28
Figure 9.15 Hybrid fiber-coaxial (HFC) network
![Page 29: Chapter 9 using telephone and cable networks -computer_network](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55561c3cd8b42a3f168b5511/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
9.29
Communication in an HFC cable TV network can be bidirectional.
Note
![Page 30: Chapter 9 using telephone and cable networks -computer_network](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55561c3cd8b42a3f168b5511/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
9.30
9-5 CABLE TV FOR DATA TRANSFER9-5 CABLE TV FOR DATA TRANSFER
Cable companies are now competing with telephone Cable companies are now competing with telephone companies for the residential customer who wants companies for the residential customer who wants high-speed data transfer. In this section, we briefly high-speed data transfer. In this section, we briefly discuss this technology.discuss this technology.
BandwidthSharingCM and CMTSData Transmission Schemes: DOCSIS
Topics discussed in this section:Topics discussed in this section:
![Page 31: Chapter 9 using telephone and cable networks -computer_network](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55561c3cd8b42a3f168b5511/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
9.31
Figure 9.16 Division of coaxial cable band by CATV
![Page 32: Chapter 9 using telephone and cable networks -computer_network](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55561c3cd8b42a3f168b5511/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
9.32
Downstream data are modulated using the 64-QAM modulation technique.
Note
![Page 33: Chapter 9 using telephone and cable networks -computer_network](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55561c3cd8b42a3f168b5511/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
9.33
The theoretical downstream data rateis 30 Mbps.
Note
![Page 34: Chapter 9 using telephone and cable networks -computer_network](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55561c3cd8b42a3f168b5511/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
9.34
Upstream data are modulated using the QPSK modulation technique.
Note
![Page 35: Chapter 9 using telephone and cable networks -computer_network](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55561c3cd8b42a3f168b5511/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
9.35
The theoretical upstream data rate is 12 Mbps.
Note
![Page 36: Chapter 9 using telephone and cable networks -computer_network](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55561c3cd8b42a3f168b5511/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
9.36
Figure 9.17 Cable modem (CM)
![Page 37: Chapter 9 using telephone and cable networks -computer_network](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55561c3cd8b42a3f168b5511/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
9.37
Figure 9.18 Cable modem transmission system (CMTS)