US HistoryChapter 9Section 3

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American sailors

Trade Winds By 1800, the United States had almost 1000 ships

trading around the worldBarbary Coast states – states on North Africa that

housed many piratesTribute - protection moneyTripoli demanded more money, Jefferson refused, war

beganTripoli captured the Philadelphia and captain Stephen Decatur (25 year old Navy captain) burned the

captured ship at the harborIn 1805, the conflict ended with America not paying

tributes, but America paying $60,000 for the captured prisoners

Sea AdventuresJefferson won a second term as President easilyNeutral Rights - rights of a nation not taking sides to sail freely

Both Britain and France decided to violate this rightBritish impressment – forcing captured sailors to fight in the

capturer’s NavyVirginia – British warship, Leopard, attacked the American ship,

Chesapeake, killing 3 and wounding 18James Madison – Secretary of State, called the attack an outrageJefferson sought a route without war

Embargo Act – ban from trade to ALL nationsEmbargo – prohibition of trade with another countryMassive failure; the only economy hurt was the AmericansEmbargo Act was repealed in 1809Nonintercourse Act - act prohibited trade with Britain and France

Precedents and Problems Jefferson left office after two termsJames Madison - ran on the Republican ticket and won

Madison allowed trade with Britain and France Napoleon (France) continued to capture and sell ships Madison believed Britain was the bigger threat

Ohio – became a state in 1803 American settlers began taking land promised to Native Americans Tecumseh – Shawnee chief who formed a confederacy to halt

expansion The Prophet – Tecumseh’s brother urged Native Americans to return

to the “earlier ways”; founded a village where the Tippecanoe and Wabash rivers meet called Prophetstown

General William Henry Harrison – Indiana governor Urged Tecumseh to stop; Tecumseh said it was the American’s fault Battle of Tippecanoe – Harrison decided to attack Prophetstown by

way of the Tippecanoe River Harrison became known by the nickname Tippecanoe”

Beating the War DrumsWar Hawks – group of young Republicans who

pressured the President to declare war against BritainNationalism – loyalty to one’s countryHenry Clay and John Calhoun – leading War HawksSettlers wanted British Canada and Spanish FloridaCongress quadrupled the Army’s size

Madison asked Congress for a declaration of war in 1812Britain had just changed their policy on American shipsBut, news spread too slow War machines are too hard to stop once begun

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Checking for Understanding

__ 1. forcing people into service, as in the navy

__ 2. money paid for protection

__ 3. an order prohibiting trade with another country

__ 4. the right to sail the seas and not take sides in a war

__ 5. Republicans during Madison’s presidency who pressed for war with Britain

A. tribute

B. neutral rights

C. impressment

D. embargo

E. War Hawks

Define Match the terms on the right with their definitions on the left.

C

A

D

B

E