chapter 9 section 2. seedless nonvascular plants when i ask you to list parts of a plant what would...
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter 9
Section 2
Seedless Nonvascular Plants
When I ask you to list parts of a plant what would you say?RootsStemLeavesFlowers
Seedless Nonvascular Plants
What if I asked you how plants grow?From a seed!
What if I tell you that some plants don’t have the basic parts to a plant or grow from a seed?
Seedless Nonvascular Plants
When you hear the words seedless nonvascular what does that make you think about this type of plant?They don’t grow from a seed They are not vascular
Seedless Nonvascular Plants
Characteristics of a seedless nonvascular plantFew cells thick2 – 5 cm tallMost have a stalkGreen, leaf-like growthsRhizoids instead of rootsGrow where it is damp
Seedless Nonvascular Plant
Rhizoid:Threadlike
structure that anchors a seedless, nonvascular plant
Seedless Nonvascular Plants
Where can you find these type of plants? Places that are damp
Why do they need to live in this type of environment? To absorb water directly
through the cell wall and membrane
Seedless Nonvascular Plants
How do they reproduce?By spores
ExamplesMossesLiverwortsHornworts
Mosses
Mosses
Most nonvascular plants are mosses
Have green, leaf-like growths arranged around a central stalk
Sometimes the stalk has a capSpores are produced in the caps of the
stalks
Mosses
Mosses
Where can you often find mosses?Growing on tree trunksRocksThe ground
Where are some adapted to liveThe desert
Liverworts
What does a liverwort look like?RootlessFlatLeaf-like body
Hornworts
What is different about hornworts?Only 1 chloroplast in each of their cells
Their spore-producing structures look like tiny horns of cattle
Importance
1st to grow in a new or undisturbed area
This is important after a forest fire or lava flow
What is a pioneer species?Organisms that are the first to grow in a new
or undisturbed area
Importance
What happens as a pioneer species grows and dies over time?Decaying material builds up
This helps build soil
When enough soil is formed, other organisms move into the area
Seedless Vascular
When you hear the words seedless vascular plant what do you think of?No seeds
Have tube-like structures to carry water, minerals, and food throughout the plant
Seedless Vascular
Why is having vascular tissue an advantage?They can grow biggerCan grow thickerThey don’t have to live in an environment
with constant waterWater and nutrients are distributed to all
plant cells
Types of Seedless Vascular
Examples:Ferns – more than 12,000 speciesGround pinesSpike mossesHorsetails
Flourished 360 – 286 million years ago
Ferns
Ferns
Largest group
Have stems, leaves, and roots
What are their leaves called?Fronds
Ferns
How do ferns reproduce? Spores which are
under the frond
Ferns were even more abundant 360 million years ago when most of the Earth was tropical
Club Mosses
What groups of plants are called club mosses?Ground PinesSpike mosses
Club Mosses
Why don’t we classify them with the mosses?Closely related to ferns
Ground pines are found in arctic regions and even the tropicsEndangered in some areas because they
are collected to make wreaths
Club Mosses
Spike Mosses: 1 species is adapted to desert conditions Water is limited it curls up and appears dead Water available it uncurls and greens back up
Horsetails
Has a jointed stem with a hollow center
The hollow center is surrounded by a ring of vascular tissue
Leaves grow out of each joint
Horsetail
Importance of Seedless Plants
When ancient seedless plants died they became submerged in water and mud
Decomposed, compacted, and compressed
Over a million years coal was made
Importance
Peat
Bog plants die and decay slowly
Decaying plants are compressed into peat
Peat is used as a low-cost fuel in Ireland and Russia
We use it in gardens
Eventually there is a possibility it could become coal
Peat
Uses of Seedless Vascular Plants
Ferns: Landscape plants in shady areas
Peat: Soil conditioner and to line hanging baskets
Ferns: Rhizomes and young fronds are edible Treat bee stings, burns, fevers, and dandruff
Horsetail: 1 type has stems that can be made into flour
Plant Kingdom