chapter 9 & 10 world time zones · 2020-05-18 · understanding time zones: •time is measured...
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CHAPTER 9 & 10
WORLD
TIME ZONES
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Understanding Time Zones:
• Time is measured on every longitude line. Places on the same longitude have exactly the same time. The space between two longitude lines is called a time zone.
• There are 24 hours in a day, thus 24 longitude lines in time zones which runs from North to South.
• Latitude lines runs from East to West and the Equator is the 0° line of latitude that divides the earth into a Northern and Southern Hemisphere.
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- The space or zone between every 2 longitude lines represents 1 hour.
- The earth is round = 360°
- If you divide the 360° through 24 hours of the day, it means that the earth rotates 15° every 1 hour from West to East.
- The Universal Time coordinate (UTC) lies on the 0° longitude line(Greenwich meridian time / Prime meridian).
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- Standard World time is measured from GMT.
- All lines East of UTC/GMT are ahead (+) in time.
- All lines West of UTC/GMT are behind (-) in time.
- The exact time of a certain place is called local time and is based on where the sun is over at that specific time.
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The 180° International date line (IDL):
- The date changes from today to yesterday when travelling West over the IDL(Japan to Canada via the Pacific ocean).
- The date changes from today to tomorrow when travelling East over the IDL (Canada to Japan over the Pacific).
- Some countries like USA, Russia
and Australia have more than
one time zone.
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Daylight Saving
- Countries located far from the equator have very short days and the sun rises long before 6 am in the summer and sets earlier.
- Therefore these countries tune their clocks 1 hour ahead of local/standard time in their summer and its called: Daylight saving time/ DST/Summer time.
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Impact of time zones & daylight saving on travel planning:
- Tourists flying to other countries must consider time zones and must determine exactly how late they will arrive at their destination.
- At night/ early morning, public transport can be a closed or not available.
- Border posts on roads can be closed at night.
- To phone someone in a different time zone forbusiness, can be difficult.
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JET LAG
A Physical condition caused by the crossing of many time zones during flight, the condition is the result of changes in the bodies’ light/dark cycle, with symptoms such as:
• Tiredness/ Slowness
• Nausea/ upset stomach
• Headaches/sinus irritation
• Insomnia/ Irregular sleep patterns
• Dehydration, loss of appetite & irritability.
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JET FATIGUE Travelling a long distance on a plane causes jet fatigue.
Contributing factors are:
• Pressured air in the aircraft causes dehydration.
• People find it difficult to sleep on a plane and this result in tiredness.
How to minimise the effects of jet lag:
1. Drink plenty of liquids before, during and after flights.
2. Plenty of rest before, during and after flights.
3. Find a normal sleeping pattern at your new destination.
4. Try to sleep as much as possible on the plane.
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TIME ZONE
CALCULATIONS
Calculate the time difference between two given locations e.g. Johannesburg and New York:
Johannesburg = GMT+2
New York = GMT -5
When the two locations are both sides of the GMT, add it together: 2+5 = 7 hours
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When the two locations are on the same side from the GMT, subtract the small number from the larger number e.g.:
What is the time difference between New York and
Los Angeles? New York = GMT - 5
LA = GMT - 8
= 8-5
T/d = 3 hours
What is the time difference between Johannesburg and Tokyo? Johannesburg = GMT +2
Tokyo = GMT +9
= 9-2
T/d = 7 hours
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When a place with a time is given and another time is requested at a different location:
STEP1: Work out the time difference;
STEP2: Determine in which direction do you need the
final answer. West = minus (-) East = plus (+).
* Take the given time and date and add or subtract the T/D.
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A flight arrives in JHB at 04:00. What will the time be in New York?
STEP 1: JHB = GMT+2
NEW YORK = GMT-5
= 2+5
T/D =7 hours
STEP 2: Time given is 04:00 in SA (JHB)
Time wanted is in NY (West of SA thus -)
04:00 – 7
= 21:00 the previous day
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Flying between two locations. A departure time and the duration of flight is given. Calculate the arrival time at the final destination and consider daylight saving time if applicable:
Step 1: Work out the time difference(T/D).
Step 2: Departure time + duration of flight
(If final arrival time was given then:
Arrival time - duration of flight = departure time).
Step 3: Take step 2 answer and (+) or (–) T/D depending
on the direction in which the flight went East(+) or
West (-).
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A flight departed from JHB to NY on 21:00 24 July 2019 and the duration of the flight was 14 hours. Calculate the arrival time in NY if NY applied DST.
Step 1: JHB = GMT +2
NY = GMT -5
= 2+5 = 7 hours T/D
Step 2: Time of departure in JHB = 21:00 24 July 2019
21:00+14 hours = 11:00 25 July 2019
Step 3: Flight from SA to NY is in a Western direction (-)
11:00 25 July 2019 – 7 hours (T/D)
= 04:00 25 July 2019
Step 4: To apply daylight saving (+1)
04:00 +1= 05:00 25 July 2019
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