chapter 8: single-area ospf
DESCRIPTION
Chapter 8: Single-Area OSPF. Routing Protocols. 8.1 Characteristics of OSPF. Open Shortest Path First Evolution of OSPF. Interior Gateway Protocols. 1989 updated in 2008. 1988. Open Shortest Path First Features of OSPF. Open Shortest Path First Components of OSPF. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 1
Chapter 8: Single-Area OSPF
Routing Protocols
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Presentation_ID 2© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
8.1 Characteristics of OSPF
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Presentation_ID 3© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Open Shortest Path FirstEvolution of OSPF
Interior Gateway Protocols
19881989
updated in 2008
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Presentation_ID 4© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Open Shortest Path FirstFeatures of OSPF
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Presentation_ID 5© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Open Shortest Path FirstComponents of OSPF
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Presentation_ID 6© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Open Shortest Path FirstComponents of OSPF
OSPF Routers Exchange Packets - These packets are used to discover neighboring routers and also to exchange routing information to maintain accurate information about the network.
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Presentation_ID 7© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Open Shortest Path FirstLink-State Operation
If a neighbor is present, the OSPF-enabled router attempts to establish a neighbor adjacency with that neighbor
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Presentation_ID 8© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Open Shortest Path FirstLink-State Operation
LSAs contain the state and cost of each directly connected link.
Routers flood their LSAs to adjacent neighbors.
Adjacent neighbors receiving the LSA immediately flood the LSA to other directly connected neighbors, until all routers in the area have all LSAs.
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Presentation_ID 9© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Open Shortest Path FirstLink-State Operation
Build the topology table based on the received LSAs.
This database eventually holds all the information about the topology of the network.
Execute the SPF Algorithm.
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Presentation_ID 10© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Open Shortest Path FirstLink-State Operation
From the SPF tree, the best paths are inserted into the routing table.
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Presentation_ID 11© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Open Shortest Path FirstSingle-area and Multiarea OSPF
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Presentation_ID 12© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Open Shortest Path FirstSingle-area and Multiarea OSPF
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Presentation_ID 13© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
OSPF MessagesEncapsulating OSPF Messages
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Presentation_ID 14© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
OSPF MessagesTypes of OSPF Packets
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Presentation_ID 15© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
OSPF MessagesHello Packet
OSPF Type 1 packet = Hello packet
Discover OSPF neighbors and establish neighbor adjacencies
Advertise parameters on which two routers must agree to become neighbors
Elect the Designated Router (DR) and Backup Designated Router (BDR) on multiaccess networks like Ethernet and Frame Relay
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Presentation_ID 16© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
OSPF MessagesHello Packet
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Presentation_ID 17© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
OSPF MessagesHello Packet Intervals
OSPF Hello packets are transmitted To 224.0.0.5 in IPv4 and FF02::5 in IPv6 (all OSPF
routers) Every 10 seconds (default on multiaccess and point-to-
point networks) Every 30 seconds (default on non-broadcast
multiaccess [NBMA] networks) Dead interval is the period that the router waits to
receive a Hello packet before declaring the neighbor down
Router floods the LSDB with information about down neighbors out all OSPF enabled interfaces
Cisco’s default is 4 times the Hello interval
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Presentation_ID 18© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
OSPF MessagesLink-State Updates
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Presentation_ID 19© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
OSPF OperationOSPF Operational States
When an OSPF router is initially connected to a network, it attempts to: Create adjacencies
with neighbors Exchange routing
information Calculate the best
routes Reach convergence OSPF progresses
through several states while attempting to reach convergence.
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Presentation_ID 20© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
OSPF OperationEstablish Neighbor Adjacencies
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Presentation_ID 21© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
OSPF OperationEstablish Neighbor Adjacencies
DR and BDR election only occurs on multi-access networks such as Ethernet LANs.
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Presentation_ID 22© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
OSPF OperationOSPF DR and BDR
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Presentation_ID 23© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
OSPF OperationSynchronizing OSPF Database
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Presentation_ID 24© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
OSPF OperationSynchronizing OSPF Database
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Presentation_ID 25© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
8.2 Configuring Single-area OSPFv2
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Presentation_ID 26© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
OSPF Router IDOSPF Network Topology
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Presentation_ID 27© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
OSPF Router IDRouter IDs
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Presentation_ID 28© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Configure Single-area OSPFv2The network Command
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Presentation_ID 29© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Configure Single-area OSPFv2Configuring Passive Interfaces
Use the passive-interface router configuration mode command to prevent the transmission of routing messages through a router interface, but still allow that network to be advertised to other routers.
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Presentation_ID 30© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
OSPF CostOSPF Metric = CostCost = reference bandwidth / interface bandwidth(default reference bandwidth is 10^8)Cost = 100,000,000 bps / interface bandwidth in bps
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Presentation_ID 31© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
OSPF CostOSPF Accumulates CostsCost of an OSPF route is the accumulated value from one router to the destination network
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Presentation_ID 32© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
OSPF CostAdjusting the Reference Bandwidth Use the command - auto-cost reference-bandwidth Must be configured on every router in the OSPF domain Notice that the value is expressed in Mb/s:
Gigabit Ethernet - auto-cost reference-bandwidth 100010 Gigabit Ethernet - auto-cost reference-bandwidth 10000
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Presentation_ID 33© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
OSPF CostDefault Interface BandwidthsOn Cisco routers, the default bandwidth on most serial interfaces is set to 1.544 Mb/s
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Presentation_ID 34© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
OSPF CostAdjusting the Interface Bandwidths
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Presentation_ID 35© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
OSPF CostManually Setting the OSPF CostBoth the bandwidth interface command and the ip ospf cost interface command achieve the same result, which is to provide an accurate value for use by OSPF in determining the best route.
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Presentation_ID 36© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Verify OSPFVerify OSPF Neighbors
Verify that the router has formed an adjacency with its neighboring routers
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Presentation_ID 37© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Verify OSPFVerify OSPF Protocol Settings
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Presentation_ID 38© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Verify OSPFVerify OSPF Interface Settings
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Presentation_ID 39© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Configuring Single-area OSPFv3
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Presentation_ID 40© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
OSPFv2 vs. OSPFv3OSPFv3
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Presentation_ID 41© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
OSPFv2 vs. OSPFv3Similarities Between OSPFv2 to OSPFv3
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Presentation_ID 42© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
OSPFv2 vs. OSPFv3Differences Between OSPFv2 to OSPFv3
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Presentation_ID 43© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
OSPFv2 vs. OSPFv3Link-Local Addresses
FF02::5 address is the all OSPF router addressFF02::6 is the DR/BDR multicast address
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Presentation_ID 44© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Configuring OSFPv3OSPFv3 Network Topology
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Presentation_ID 45© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Configuring OSFPv3Link-Local Addresses
Link-local addresses are automatically created when an IPv6 global unicast address is assigned to the interface (required).
Global unicast addresses are not required. Cisco routers create the link-local address using FE80::/10 prefix and the
EUI-64 process unless the router is configured manually, EUI-64 involves using the 48-bit Ethernet MAC address, inserting FFFE in
the middle and flipping the seventh bit. For serial interfaces, Cisco uses the MAC address of an Ethernet interface.
Notice in the figure that all three interfaces are using the same link-local address.
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Presentation_ID 46© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Configuring OSFPv3Assigning Link-Local Addresses
Configuring the link-local address provides the ability to create an address that is recognizable and easier to remember
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Presentation_ID 47© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Configuring OSFPv3Configuring the OSPFv3 Router ID
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Presentation_ID 48© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Configuring OSFPv3Configuring the OSPFv3 Router ID
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Presentation_ID 49© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Configuring OSFPv3Modifying an OSPFv3 Router ID
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Presentation_ID 50© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
OSPF Configuring OSFPv3Enabling OSPFv3 on Interfaces
Instead of using the network router configuration mode command to specify matching interface addresses, OSPFv3 is configured directly on the interface.
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Presentation_ID 51© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Verify OSPFv3Verify OSPFv3 Neighbors/Protocol Settings
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Presentation_ID 52© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Verify OSPFv3Verify OSPFv3 Interfaces
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Presentation_ID 53© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Verify OSPFv3Verify IPv6 Routing Table
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Presentation_ID 54© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential