chapter 8 psychological disorders. psychological disorders are behaviors/mental processes that are...
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Chapter 8
Psychological Disorders
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Psychological Disorders are behaviors/mental processes that are connected with various kinds of distress or disability
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They meet a combination of the following criteria: Unusual behavior Suggest faulty perception or interpretation of reality Suggest severe personal stress They’re self-defeating They’re dangerous Individual’s behaviors is socially unacceptable
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Disorders are classified in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM), currently in it’s fourth edition with a text revision (DSM-IV-TR)
Categories are suggested to be used to identify “problems with living” rather than diagnose disorders.
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Adjustment Disorders Maladaptive reactions to identified
stressors. Usually associated with academic,
occupational, or social Problem is attempting to define where
normal behaviors leave off and abnormal begins.
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Phobias
•Acrophobia: fear of high places•Aerophobia: fear of flying•Agoraphobia: "fear of marketplace" - fear of open spaces, meeting people, traveling, shopping, traffic, and leaving home. This is the most common phobia. 60% of phobics have agoraphobia.•Ailurophobia: fear of cats. It is one of the more common animal phobias. It may be caused by the way cats stare.•Animal phobias: fear of an animal becomes an obsession to avoid it•Arachnophobia: fear of spiders•Claustrophobia: fear of small, confined, or closed spaces•Cynophobia: fear of dogs•Dementophobia: fear of insanity
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• Gephyrophobia: fear of bridges• Hydrophobia: fear of water• Mysophobia: fear of dirt or germs• Nyctophobia: fear of dark• Ochlophobia: fear of crowds• Ophidiophobia: fear of snakes• Phobophobia: fear of fear• Pyrophobia: fear of fire• Thanatophobia: fear of death
Xenophobia: fear of strangers
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Anxiety Disorders A state of apprehension, uncertainty, and fear
resulting from anticipation of a realistic or fantasized threatening event or situation
Subjective features: worrying , fear of the worst, fear of losing control, nervousness, inability to relax
Physical features: arousal of nervous system, trembling, sweating, increased blood pressure, racing heart
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Types of Anxiety Disorders: Panic Disorder Generalized Anxiety Disorder OCD PTSD
Theoretical Views Psychodynamic Learning Social-Cognitive Cognitive
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Dissociative Disorders Separation of mental processes such as thoughts,
emotions, identity, memory, or conscious. Types:
Dissociative amnesia Dissociative fugue DID (aka: Multiple Personality Disorder) Depersonalization Disorder
Theoretical Views Psychodynamic Learning
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Somatoform Disorders Persistent complaining of physical
problems such as paralysis, pain, or a persistent belief that they have a serious disease.
Types Conversion Disorder Hypochondriasis
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Mood Disorders Characterized by disturbances in expression of
emotions. Types
Major Depressive Disorder Bipolar Disorder
Theoretical Views Psychoanalytic Learning Cognitive Biological Linking
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Cognitive Distortions Linked to Depression (pg 279) All-or-Nothing Thinking Misplacing blame Misfortune Telling Negative Focusing Dismissing the positives Jumping to conclusions Catasrophizing Emotion-based reasoning Shouldisms Name Calling Mistaken responsibility
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Schizophrenia A severe psychological disorder that touches
every aspect of a person’s life. Positive and Negative symptoms Delusions
Grandeur Persecution Reference
Hallcinations (auditory, visual, olfactory, gustatory, tactile)
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Types: Paranoid Disorganized Catatonic
Theoretical Views Psychodynamic Learning
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Personality Disorders Characterized by enduring patterns of behaviors that
are inflexible and maladaptive Types:
Paranoid Schizotypal Schizoid Antisocial Avoidant Borderline
Theoretical Views Psychodynamic Learning Cognitive
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Preventing Suicide (pgs 290-291) Most linked to mood disorders More common after stressful event Runs in families At risk:
Teenagers College students Older adults (especially white males 65+) Women more so than men Men prefer guns, women sleeping pills