Chapter 8Canada

Section 1: Regions of CanadaSection 2: Search for a national identity

Section 3: Canada Today

Section 1: Regions of Canada Learning Objectives

What are the main economic activities in the Atlantic Provinces?

Why have the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence provinces become Canada’s heartland?

What economic activities and patterns of settlement are found in the Prairie Provinces and British Colombia?

How have climate and location affected the development of the northern territories?

Concepts Province Maritime Lock Bedrock

What are the main economic activities in the Atlantic Provinces? Atlantic Provinces (maritime’s) made up of

Newfoundland/Labrador, Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick

Fishing World richest areas for Cod, shrimp, and crab

Farming/Forestry Fruit, vegetable, and dairy farming where supported Prince Edward Island well suited for farming

Milder climates and Longer Growing seasons Tourism

Rugged coastlines and scenic hills make tourism popular

Why have the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence provinces become Canada’s heartland? Great Lakes – St. Lawrence provinces

Core of Canada’s Population and Economic Activity 60% of population live in these regions 3 Distinct Landscapes

Canadian Shield= rich mineral deposits Hudson Bay lowlands= flat sparsely populated St. Lawrence Lowlands= rich soil mild climate for farming

Ontario’s Importance System of Waterways allows large volume of goods Central location (nationally, economically, industrially) Rich Soils and abundant mineral resources

Quebec’s Importance SE and Canadian Shield are centers for mining/forestry Unique Cultural importance; French-Canadian population

What economic activities and patterns of settlement are found in the Prairie Provinces and British Colombia? Made up of Alberta, Manitoba, & Saskatchewan

“Prairie Provinces” b/c of rolling fields of wheat Patterns of Settlement

½ of Regions Pop. Live in Cities Largest cities located @ strategic points along railroads. Alberta and Saskatchewan major est.’d on major railroads/rivers Main Idea: Settlement patterns in the “Prairie Provinces” are centered around rail-roads, which

reflects the importance of agriculture to the region Many retire in Vancouver b/c of desirable climate and beauty

Economic Activities Farming

Provinces provide most of Canada’s Grain and Cattle Wheat= major agricultural crop.

Tourism Many magnificent parks b/c of Rocky Mtns.

Oil Discovery of oil led to growth in wealth and cities like Edmonton and Calgary

British Columbia Tourism= beautiful cities, memorable attractions Natural Resources= Salmon, forests, minerals Hosts Canada’s major port on Pacific Ocean, grown rapidly b/c of Trade w/ Asia

How have climate and location affected the development of the northern territories?

Northern territories made up of Yukon Territory, Northwest Territories, and the newer Nunavut.

40% of Canada’s Land mass Less than 1% of Canada’s Population Harsh climates and Rugged lands

Difficult to reach rich mineral wealth of region Includes gold, silver, and copper as 3 key minerals

Climate/Terrain make land difficult to mine and transport the region.

Section 2: Search for a national identity Learning Objectives

What are the historical roots of Canada’s major culture groups?

Why is Quebec the scene of conflict between two cultures?

How does the multicultural nature of Canada’s population represent its policy of welcoming diversity while promoting unity?

Concepts Separatism Secede

What are the historical roots of Canada’s major culture groups?

First Canadians 1st to live in Canada were the Inuit and Native Americans

who migrated Later European powers of England and France

Colonial Rivals France and England colonists began fierce competition

Over fur trade and the land Four wars over regions b.t. two left England with sole

control in 1763. Canada became own governing country in 1867, but ties

still remain to Britain

Section 2

Why is Quebec the scene of conflict between two cultures?

France lost empire to Britain 70,000+ French colonists still remained Over ¼ of population is French-Canadian

Majority of French speaking Canadians live in Quebec Laws to protect integrity of French-Canadians

Able to keep language, laws, and culture Many French Canadians today feel discriminated against for their

ancestry Separatism

Quebecois (French speaking citizens) begin pressing for changes that would maintain the French Culture

Gov’t of Quebec made French official language Led to english speaking people/businesses to leave area and hurt economy

Secede 1995 referendum nearly passes that would have made Quebec own country

How does the multicultural nature of Canada’s population represent its policy of welcoming

diversity while promoting unity?

Multicultural Society Inuit's= 41,000 Native Canadians = 554,000 European descents make up roughly 87% New Influx of immigrants from Asia

Uniting a region Done through transportation and communication links Attempts to continue communication with remote regions

of country are helping their unity as a whole

Section 2

Secede To withdraw formally from

membership in a political or religious organization

Section 2

Separatism

Movement to win political, religious, or ethnic independence from another group

Section 2

Section 3: Canada Today Learning Objectives

What geographic challenges does Canada face today with respect to its future development?

What is Canada’s relationship with the U.S.? How is Canada linked to other countries in

the rest of the world?

Concepts Customs Tariff NAFTA

What geographic challenges does Canada face today with respect to its future development?

Natural Resources Attempts to balance natural resource use and

preservation of environment Above ground pipeline minimizes permafrost destruction,

but creates barriers to the migration of arctic animals Ways to produce wood without destroying forests Over-fishing has led to banning of fishing certain species

Urbanization Mass movement to Cities; 20 with over 100,000 Challenges created by Urbanization

Providing housing and services, controlling pollution, and preventing over-crowding

Section 3

What is Canada’s relationship with the U.S.?

U.S./Canada has longest undefended border in the world.

Cultural Links Exchange of radio and television programs near borders Participation of teams in both nations in pro leagues

Economic Links Canada’s imports = nearly 25% of U.S. exports U.S. imports= nearly 85% of Canada’s Exports

NAFTA links both nations through trade

Section 3

How is Canada linked to other countries in the rest of the world?

Location Atlantic and Pacific ports give it access to trade with both

Europe and Asia Membership in the Commonwealth of Nations

Gives it links with developing countries and a favorable trading position with members of the European Community

Peacemaker Very active Foreign policy based on removing the causes

of war, not power, for peace Active in promoting arms control and disarmament

Section 3

Customs Fees charged by one country’s government

on goods people bring in from other countries

Section 3

Tariffs• Taxes on imports. Cause price of imports

goods to rise

Section 3

NAFTA

Free Trade Agreement designed to establish a free trade zone

across all of N. America

Section 3

Chapter 8Territory governed as a political division

of a country

Province

Chapter 8Enclosed section of a canal, in which a

ship may be raised/lowered by raising/lowering level of water in that section

Lock

Chapter 8

Bordering on or near the sea; relating to navigation or shipping

Maritime

Chapter 8Solid rock underlying the earth’s surface

Bedrock