chapter 8
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Chapter 8. The History of Life. Chapter 8A. Worldviews and the History of Life. Worldview. The frame of reference that a person uses to interpret and understand the world around him Everyone has a worldview, and this worldview affects every choice he makes. The Christian Worldview. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 8The History
of Life
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Chapter 8AWorldviews
and the History of Life
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Worldview• The frame of reference that a
person uses to interpret and understand the world around him
• Everyone has a worldview, and this worldview affects every choice he makes.
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The Christian Worldview• Creation (“ex nihilo”)• The Fall• Redemption
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I Peter 3:15“But sanctify the Lord God in
your hearts: and be ready always to give an answer to every man that asketh you a reason of the hope that is in
you with meekness and fear.”
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Creation and evolution do not mix.
Key point 1
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The earth is NOT billions or even
millions of years old.
Key point 2
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The Bible and science do not disagree.
Key point 3
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Psalm 118:8“It is better to trust in the
LORD than to put confidence in man.”
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Noah’s flood is a significant catastrophe.
Key point 4
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The genetic basis of biological evolution is
statistically impossible.
Key point 5
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EvolutionA belief about all the changes that have
transformed life on the earth from its earliest
beginnings to the diversity that characterizes it today
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Change over time toward greater complexity
Evolution
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Results of Believing
Evolutionary Theory
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Results of Believing Evolutionary Theory
• God does not exist.• Man is not responsible
to God.• Man no longer needs a
Savior.
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• Man is a highly evolved animal.
• Man’s religion should be scientism.– the belief that science is
the only path to truth
Results of Believing Evolutionary Theory
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Psalm 53:1“The fool hath said in his heart, there is no God.”
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A Matter of Viewpoint
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A Matter of Viewpoint• A person either accepts the
Bible or not.• Many are unwilling to admit
that there is a God to whom they are accountable.
• Based on faith, not science
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Evolutionary Beliefs & the Word of God
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Is there proof for evolution & against the Bible?
• Science cannot prove.• Both creationists and
evolutionists have the same physical evidence.
• It is our interpretations of that evidence that differ.
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Is there proof for evolution & against the Bible?
• Any accurate observation of God’s creation could not contradict the revealed Word of God.
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How Should a Christian View Biology?
• A Proper Balance• A Proper Motivation• A Proper Perspective
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Chapter 8BBiological Evolution
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Jean Lamarck• Theory of need• Theory of use and
disuse• Theory of inheritance of
acquired characteristics
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Analysis of Lamarck’s Theory• Basic problem: passing
on acquired characteristics to future generations
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Charles Darwin
The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection
(1859)
Theory of natural selection
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Artificial Selection
Vs.Natural
Selection
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Descent with Modification
• Proposed that all living things descended from a single common ancestor
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Survival of the Fittest
• peppered moth
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Analysis of Darwin’s Theory
There is not always overpopulation.
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The “fittest” do not always survive and
reproduce.
Analysis of Darwin’s Theory
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An organism must have the gene for a certain characteristic in order for it to be
produced.
Analysis of Darwin’s Theory
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The theory does not allow for the formation of new
characteristics. It only selects for already existing
traits.
Analysis of Darwin’s Theory
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Natural selection regroups existing characteristics.
No new genetic information is created.
Analysis of Darwin’s Theory
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Later Developments in
Evolutionary Theory
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Hugo De Vries
Species and Varieties, Their Origin by
Mutation
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Mutation-Selection Theory (Neo-Darwinism)• Blending of Darwin’s theory of
natural selection & De Vries’ theory of mutations
• Mutations supply the variations, and natural selection determines which variations survive.
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Mutation-Selection Theory (Neo-Darwinism)• For evolution to occur, new
genes must form.• Mutations are the only known
way for this to happen.• However, mutations have not
been shown to increase the amount of genetic information.
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Problems with the Mutation Theory of Evolution
• Mutations are random.– Scientists cannot control or
predict which genes mutations will affect.
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Problems with the Mutation Theory of Evolution
• Mutations are rare.– It is estimated that
uncorrected mutations occur once in 10 million cell divisions.
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Problems with the Mutation Theory of Evolution
• To be passed on, mutations must occur in the germ cells.– Mutations in somatic cells
will not affect the organism’s offspring.
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Problems with the Mutation Theory of Evolution
• Requires “good mutations”– Must be beneficial – Mutations are either
neutral or harmful.
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• Requires “good mutations” happening repeatedly– In many, many organisms
all over the world– Not just unlikely . . .
impossible!
Problems with the Mutation Theory of Evolution
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• Too many mutations will kill an organism.– Genetic load
Problems with the Mutation Theory of Evolution
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• The mutation theory of evolution is statistically impossible.– Mathematicians have
proved that it could not have occurred, even given billions of years.
Problems with the Mutation Theory of Evolution
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• What about the missing links?
Problems with the Mutation Theory of Evolution
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Punctuated Equilibrium
Stephen Jay Gould
The view that evolution occurred in periods or leaps of time, while at other times,
no or very little evolution took place
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Chapter 8CBiblical
Creationism
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The Short-Day Theory• A literal interpretation• Each day (morning and
evening) was a 24-hour period.
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• “Morning and evening”• Use of the Hebrew word
“yom”• Exodus 20:9-11
The Short-Day Theory
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Nonliteral Interpretations
of Creation
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Theistic Evolution• A mixture of the Bible and
evolution• Tries to interpret biblical
statements to support evolution as God’s method of creation
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Day-Age Theory(Long-Day Theory)
• Holds that the seven days in Genesis 1 were long periods of time or ages
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Progressive Creationism
• Holds that the earth is millions of years old and that at particular moments in time, God created new creatures
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Framework Hypothesis
• Tries to interpret Genesis in a literary light
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The Gap Theory• Holds that there was a
long period of time between Genesis 1:1 and Genesis 1:2
• First creation fall of Satan new creation
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Arguments Against The Gap Theory
• 1 Corinthians 15:45• Romans 5:14• Romans 5:12• Exodus 20:11
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Noah’s Flood & Fossils
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Noah’s Flood • Antediluvian
– The earth before the flood • Postdiluvian
– The earth after the flood
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Reasons for a Universal Flood
• God’s revelation to Noah– Purpose of the flood– Genesis 6:13, 17
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• Confirmation in the New Testament– Luke 17:27– 2 Peter 2:5 and 3:6
Reasons for a Universal Flood
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• The covenant of the rainbow– Genesis 9:11-15
• The continental shelves and seamounts
Reasons for a Universal Flood
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• Universality of the fossil record– The waters covered the
mountains to over 20 feet.– Fossils have been found
on mountaintops.
Reasons for a Universal Flood
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• The duration of the Flood was over a year.
• If the Flood was local, the ark would have been unnecessary.
Reasons for a Universal Flood
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FossilLasting evidence of a once-living organism
FossilizationThe formation
of fossils
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Types of Fossils• Preservation of parts• Preservation of carbon (coal)• Preservation of forms• Preservation of tracks• Petrification• Freezing
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The Deluge & Fossilization
• The Flood described in Genesis 6-9 is referred to as the deluge.
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The Deluge & Fossilization
• Sedimentation – laying down of materials
• Sedimentary rock – layers of rock deposits
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The Deluge & Fossilization
• Evolutionists propose fossil formation by many smaller catastrophes.– Suggest that fossils are a
progressive record
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Support for the Deluge-Fossilization Theory
• Abundant fossilization is not taking place today.
• Fossil arrangement & abundance– Polystrate fossils
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• Fossilization must be rapid.
• Most fossils required water for formation.
Support for the Deluge-Fossilization Theory