chapter 7 — the muscular system $100 $200 $300 $400 $500 $100$100$100 $200 $300 $400 $500 muscle...
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter 7 — The Muscular System
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Muscle Tissue & Sarcomere Organization
Muscle Contraction
Muscle Fiber Type & Muscle
Tissues
Axial Musculature
Appendicular Musculature
FINAL ROUND
Topic 1:
$100 Question
The structure that divides the skeletal muscle into compartments, and that contains collagen fibers, elastic fibers, blood vessels, and nerves is the:
a. fascicle
b. endomysium
c. perimysium
d. epimysiumBACK TO GAME
ANSWER
Topic 1:
$100 Answer
The structure that divides the skeletal muscle into compartments, and that contains collagen fibers, elastic fibers, blood vessels, and nerves is the:
a. fascicle
b. endomysium
c. perimysium
d. epimysiumBACK TO GAME
Topic 1:
$200 Question
The structures that are filled with extracellular fluid, and that form passageways through the muscle fiber, are called:
a. transverse tubules (T tubules)
b. sarcomeres
c. sarcoplasmic reticulum
d. myofibrilsBACK TO GAME
ANSWER
Topic 1:
$200 Answer
The structures that are filled with extracellular fluid, and that form passageways through the muscle fiber, are called:
a. transverse tubules (T tubules)
b. sarcomeres
c. sarcoplasmic reticulum
d. myofibrilsBACK TO GAME
Topic 1:
$300 Question
According to the sliding filament theory, which of the following occurs when a sarcomere contracts?
a. The I bands get larger.
b. The A bands get smaller.
c. The I bands get smaller.
d. The H bands increase.BACK TO GAME
ANSWER
Topic 1:
$300 Answer
According to the sliding filament theory, which of the following occurs when a sarcomere contracts?
a. The I bands get larger.
b. The A bands get smaller.
c. The I bands get smaller.
d. The H bands increase.BACK TO GAME
Topic 1:
$400 Question
Which is the correct cycle regarding the actin and myosin cross-bridge interaction?
a. return, pivot, attach, detach
b. attach, detach, pivot, return
c. pivot, attach, detach, return
d. attach, pivot, detach, returnBACK TO GAME
ANSWER
Topic 1:
$400 Answer
Which is the correct cycle regarding the actin and myosin cross-bridge interaction?
a. return, pivot, attach, detach
b. attach, detach, pivot, return
c. pivot, attach, detach, return
d. attach, pivot, detach, returnBACK TO GAME
Topic 1:
$500 Question
Which is a true statement regarding thick and thin filaments?
a. The actin molecules are oriented away from the center of the sarcomere, with the heads projecting outward.
b. The myosin molecules are oriented toward the center of the sarcomere, with the heads projecting outward.
c. The actin molecules are oriented toward the center of the sarcomere, with the heads projecting inward.
d. The myosin molecules are oriented toward the center of the sarcomere, with the heads projecting inward.
BACK TO GAME
ANSWER
Topic 1:
$500 Answer
Which is a true statement regarding thick and thin filaments?
a. The actin molecules are oriented away from the center of the sarcomere, with the heads projecting outward.
b. The myosin molecules are oriented toward the center of the sarcomere, with the heads projecting outward.
c. The actin molecules are oriented toward the center of the sarcomere, with the heads projecting inward.
d. The myosin molecules are oriented toward the center of the sarcomere, with the heads projecting inward.
BACK TO GAME
Topic 2:
$100 Question
Both the synaptic cleft and the motor end plate contain which of the following enzymes?
a. acetylcholine
b. acetylcholinesterase
c. nicotinamide reductase
d. serotonin decarboxylaseBACK TO GAME
ANSWER
Topic 2:
$100 Answer
Both the synaptic cleft and the motor end plate contain which of the following enzymes?
a. acetylcholine
b. acetylcholinesterase
c. nicotinamide reductase
d. serotonin decarboxylaseBACK TO GAME
Topic 2:
$200 Question
Which statement(s) is/are true regarding the appearance of an action potential at the sarcolemma?
a.The passage of an action potential along the T tubules triggers a sudden, massive release of calcium ions by the terminal cisternae.
b. The action potential spreads over the entire sarcolemma surface.
c. The sudden, massive release of calcium ions triggers a sudden, massive release of calcium ions by the terminal cisternae.
BACK TO GAME
ANSWER
Topic 2:
$200 Answer
Which statement(s) is/are true regarding the appearance of an action potential at the sarcolemma?
a. The passage of an action potential along the T tubules triggers a sudden, massive release of calcium ions by the terminal cisternae.
b. The action potential spreads over the entire sarcolemma surface.
c. The sudden, massive release of calcium ions triggers a sudden, massive release of calcium ions by the terminal cisternae.
BACK TO GAME
Topic 2:
$300 Question
What is the biochemical explanation for rigor mortis?
a. The sarcoplasmic reticulum is unable to remove calcium ions from the sarcoplasm.
b. Skeletal muscle fibers have too much ATP stored, resulting in sustained muscle contractions.
c. Cross-bridges remain detached from the active sites on actin.
d. A and BBACK TO GAME
ANSWER
Topic 2:
$300 Answer
What is the biochemical explanation for rigor mortis?
a. The sarcoplasmic reticulum is unable to remove calcium ions from the sarcoplasm.
b. Skeletal muscle fibers have too much ATP stored, resulting in sustained muscle contractions.
c. Cross-bridges remain detached from the active sites on actin.
d. A and BBACK TO GAME
Topic 2:
$400 Question
Which statement(s) is/are false regarding skeletal muscle contraction?
a. Calcium ions bind to troponin, resulting in a conformational change in tropomyosin.
b. Cross-bridge binding, pivoting, and detachment are powered by the breakdown of ATP.
c. Serotonin released by the synaptic terminal binds to receptors on the sarcolemma.
d. None of the above statements is false.
BACK TO GAME
ANSWER
Topic 2:
$400 Answer
Which statement(s) is/are false regarding skeletal muscle contraction?
a. Calcium ions bind to troponin, resulting in a conformational change in tropomyosin.
b. Cross-bridge binding, pivoting, and detachment are powered by the breakdown of ATP.
c. Serotonin released by the synaptic terminal binds to receptors on the sarcolemma.
d. None of the above statements is false.
BACK TO GAME
Topic 2:
$500 Question
Which sequence describes the correct order of steps that end a contraction?
1 - Contraction ends.
2 - Acetylcholine (ACh) is broken down by acetylcholinesterase (AChE).
3 - Active sites are covered, no cross-bridge interaction occurs.
4 - Relaxation occurs, and a passive return to resting length is noted.
5 - The sarcoplasmic reticulum recaptures calcium (Ca2+).
a. 5-2-3-4-1
b. 2-5-3-4-1
c. 5-3-2-1-4
d. 2-5-3-1-4BACK TO GAME
ANSWER
Topic 2:
$500 Answer
Which sequence describes the correct order of steps that end a contraction?
1 - Contraction ends.
2 - Acetylcholine (ACh) is broken down by acetylcholinesterase (AChE).
3 - Active sites are covered, no cross-bridge interaction occurs.
4 - Relaxation occurs, and a passive return to resting length is noted.
5 - The sarcoplasmic reticulum recaptures calcium (Ca2+).
a. 5-2-3-4-1
b. 2-5-3-4-1
c. 5-3-2-1-4
d. 2-5-3-1-4BACK TO GAME
Topic 3:
$100 Question
Which statement(s) regarding fast skeletal muscle fibers is/are true?
a. They are small in diameter, have large glycogen reserves, and have relatively few mitochondria.
b. They are large in diameter, with relatively few mitochondria.
c. They have a greater oxygen supply than slow fibers.
d. A and CBACK TO GAME
ANSWER
Topic 3:
$100 Answer
Which statement(s) regarding fast skeletal muscle fibers is/are true?
a. They are small in diameter, have large glycogen reserves, and have relatively few mitochondria.
b. They are large in diameter, with relatively few mitochondria.
c. They have a greater oxygen supply than slow fibers.
d. A and CBACK TO GAME
Topic 3:
$200 Question
Which of the following is/are correct regarding smooth muscle tissue?
a. The fiber dimensions are 100 m in diameter and up to 60 cm in length.
b. The actin and myosin filaments are scattered throughout the sarcoplasm.
c. Tetanus cannot occur.
d. B and CBACK TO GAME
ANSWER
Topic 3:
$200 Answer
Which of the following is/are correct regarding smooth muscle tissue?
a. The fiber dimensions are 100 m in diameter and up to 60 cm in length.
b. The actin and myosin filaments are scattered throughout the sarcoplasm.
c. Tetanus cannot occur.
d. B and CBACK TO GAME
Topic 3:
$300 Question
Which statement(s) correctly describe(s) isotonic contraction?
a. Tension produced never exceeds the resistance.
b. Tension remains at a constant level until relaxation occurs.
c. Examples are reflexive contractions that keep the body upright while standing or sitting.
d. All of the above statements are correct.
BACK TO GAME
ANSWER
Topic 3:
$300 Answer
Which statement(s) correctly describe(s) isotonic contraction?
a. Tension produced never exceeds the resistance.
b. Tension remains at a constant level until relaxation occurs.
c. Examples are reflexive contractions that keep the body upright while standing or sitting.
d. All of the above statements are correct.
BACK TO GAME
Topic 3:
$400 Question
Which of the following utilizes pacemaker cells as a control mechanism?
a. skeletal and cardiac muscles
b. smooth and skeletal muscles
c. skeletal muscle only
d. cardiac and smooth muscles
BACK TO GAME
ANSWER
Topic 3:
$400 Answer
Which of the following utilizes pacemaker cells as a control mechanism?
a. skeletal and cardiac muscles
b. smooth and skeletal muscles
c. skeletal muscle only
d. cardiac and smooth muscles
BACK TO GAME
Topic 3:
$500 Question
Which areas of the human body are dominated by slow fibers?
a. eye and hand muscles
b. back and calf muscles
c. hand and foot muscles
d. pelvic and leg muscles
BACK TO GAME
ANSWER
Topic 3:
$500 Answer
Which areas of the human body are dominated by slow fibers?
a. eye and hand muscles
b. back and calf muscles
c. hand and foot muscles
d. pelvic and leg muscles
BACK TO GAME
Topic 4:
$100 Question
Which muscle inserts on the mandible and the skin of the cheek?
a. mylohyoid
b. stylohyoid
c. sternohyoid
d. platysmaBACK TO GAME
ANSWER
Topic 4:
$100 Answer
Which muscle inserts on the mandible and the skin of the cheek?
a. mylohyoid
b. stylohyoid
c. sternohyoid
d. platysmaBACK TO GAME
Topic 4:
$200 Question
Which muscle has as its origin the spinous processes of the lower cervical and upper thoracic vertebrae?
a. iliocostalis
b. semispinalis capitis
c. quadratus lumborum
d. external intercostalsBACK TO GAME
ANSWER
Topic 4:
$200 Answer
Which muscle has as its origin the spinous processes of the lower cervical and upper thoracic vertebrae?
a. iliocostalis
b. semispinalis capitis
c. quadratus lumborum
d. external intercostalsBACK TO GAME
Topic 4:
$300 Question
Which muscle functions to stabilize the central tendon of the perineum?
a. ischiocavernosus
b. transverse perineus
c. rectus abdominis
d. external anal sphincter
BACK TO GAME
ANSWER
Topic 4:
$300 Answer
Which muscle functions to stabilize the central tendon of the perineum?
a. ischiocavernosus
b. transverse perineus
c. rectus abdominis
d. external anal sphincter
BACK TO GAME
Topic 4:
$400 Question
Which muscle(s) function(s) to elevate, protract, and/or move the mandible to either side?
a. masseter
b. temporalis
c. pterygoids
d. masseter and temporalis
BACK TO GAME
ANSWER
Topic 4:
$400 Answer
Which muscle(s) function(s) to elevate, protract, and/or move the mandible to either side?
a. masseter
b. temporalis
c. pterygoids
d. masseter and temporalisBACK TO GAME
Topic 4:
$500 Question
Which muscle inserts on the last rib and the transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae?
a. quadratus lumborum
b. iliocostalis
c. spinalis
d. longissimus
BACK TO GAME
ANSWER
Topic 4:
$500 Answer
Which muscle inserts on the last rib and the transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae?
a. quadratus lumborum
b. iliocostalis
c. spinalis
d. longissimusBACK TO GAME
Topic 5:
$100 Question
Which muscle is the major abductor of the arm?
a. infraspinatus
b. supraspinatus
c. deltoid
d. pectoralis major
BACK TO GAME
ANSWER
Topic 5:
$100 Answer
Which muscle is the major abductor of the arm?
a. infraspinatus
b. supraspinatus
c. deltoid
d. pectoralis major
BACK TO GAME
Topic 5:
$200 Question
Which muscle originates on the anterior and superior margins of ribs 1–9?
a. serratus anterior
b. subclavius
c. pectoralis minor
d. rhomboids
BACK TO GAME
ANSWER
Topic 5:
$200 Answer
Which muscle originates on the anterior and superior margins of ribs 1–9?
a. serratus anterior
b. subclavius
c. pectoralis minor
d. rhomboids
BACK TO GAME
Topic 5:
$300 Question
Which muscle does not insert on the greater tubercle of the humerus?
a. teres minor
b. subscapularis
c. latissimus dorsi
d. supraspinatus
BACK TO GAME
ANSWER
Topic 5:
$300 Answer
Which muscle does not insert on the greater tubercle of the humerus?
a. teres minor
b. subscapularis
c. latissimus dorsi
d. supraspinatus
BACK TO GAME
Topic 5:
$400 Question
Which muscle inserts on the bases of the second and third metacarpal bones?
a. flexor carpi ulnaris
b. palmaris longus
c. flexor carpi radialis
d. extensor carpi ulnaris
BACK TO GAME
ANSWER
Topic 5:
$400 Answer
Which muscle inserts on the bases of the second and third metacarpal bones?
a. flexor carpi ulnaris
b. palmaris longus
c. flexor carpi radialis
d. extensor carpi ulnaris
BACK TO GAME
Topic 5:
$500 Question
Which muscle acts to flex the knee, as well as perform adduction and medial rotation at the hip?
a. adductor brevis
b. pectineus
c. tensor fasciae latae
d. gracilis
BACK TO GAME
ANSWER
Topic 5:
$500 Answer
Which muscle acts to flex the knee, as well as perform adduction and medial rotation at the hip?
a. adductor brevis
b. pectineus
c. tensor fasciae latae
d. gracilisBACK TO GAME
FINAL ROUND Question
Which is the correct sequence of steps during the contraction cycle?
1 - The attached myosin head pivots toward the center of the sarcomere, and ADP and a phosphate group are released.
2 - The active site is exposed following the binding of calcium ions to troponin.
3 - The myosin head is reactivated as it splits the ATP and captures released energy.
4 - The myosin cross-bridge forms and attaches to the exposed active sites on actin filaments.
5 - Cross-bridges detach when the myosin head binds another ATP molecule.
a. 3-4-2-1-5
b. 2-4-1-5-3
c. 2-1-4-5-3
d. 2-4-1-3-5 BACK TO GAME
ANSWER
FINAL ROUND Answer
Which is the correct sequence of steps during the contraction cycle?
1 - The attached myosin head pivots toward the center of the sarcomere, and ADP and a phosphate group are released.
2 - The active site is exposed following the binding of calcium ions to troponin.
3 - The myosin head is reactivated as it splits the ATP and captures released energy.
4 - The myosin cross-bridge forms and attaches to the exposed active sites on actin filaments.
5 - Cross-bridges detach when the myosin head binds another ATP molecule.
a. 3-4-2-1-5
b. 2-4-1-5-3
c. 2-1-4-5-3
d. 2-4-1-3-5 BACK TO GAME