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Chapter 9 Bond Valuation

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Page 1: CHAPTER 7 Bonds and Their Valuation - Dongguk...Bond Valuation The same company also has 10-year bonds outstanding with the same risk but a 13% annual coupon rate 7% annual coupon

Chapter 9

Bond Valuation

Page 2: CHAPTER 7 Bonds and Their Valuation - Dongguk...Bond Valuation The same company also has 10-year bonds outstanding with the same risk but a 13% annual coupon rate 7% annual coupon

What is a bond?

A long-term debt instrument in which a borrower agrees to make payments of principal and interest, on specific dates, to the holders of the bond.

Page 3: CHAPTER 7 Bonds and Their Valuation - Dongguk...Bond Valuation The same company also has 10-year bonds outstanding with the same risk but a 13% annual coupon rate 7% annual coupon

Key Features of a Bond

Par value – face amount of the bond, which is paid at maturity (assume $1,000).

Coupon interest rate – stated interest rate (generally fixed) paid by the issuer. Multiply by par value to get dollar payment of interest.

Maturity date – years until the bond must be repaid.

Issue date – when the bond was issued.

Yield to maturity - rate of return earned on a bond held until maturity (also called the “promised yield”).

Page 4: CHAPTER 7 Bonds and Their Valuation - Dongguk...Bond Valuation The same company also has 10-year bonds outstanding with the same risk but a 13% annual coupon rate 7% annual coupon

이자지급에 따른 분류

구분 의의 예

이표채 채권의 권면에 이표가 붙어 있어 이자지급일에 이것으로 일정 이자를 지급받음

대부분의 회사채, 금융채 일부

할인채 이자를 안 주고 만기에 원금만 주는 채권

상환기일까지의 이자를 공제한 금액으로 매출하게 됨 통화안정증권과 금융채 일부

복리채 이자가 단위기간수만큼 복리로 재투자되어 만기시에 원금과 이자가 지급됨

국민주택채권, 지역개발공채, 금융채 일부

채권의 분류

이외에 이자에 의한 분류 방법으로는 지급 이자율이 기간중에 변하느냐에 따라 고정금리채권, 변동금리채권으로 나뉩니다.

기간에 따른 분류

구분 의의 예

단기채 상환기간 1년 이하 통화안정증권 등

중기채 상환기간 1년에서 5년 미만 국고채권, 외국환평형기금채권, 회사채 등

장기채 상환기간이 5년 이상 국민주택채권, 도시철도채권 등

Page 5: CHAPTER 7 Bonds and Their Valuation - Dongguk...Bond Valuation The same company also has 10-year bonds outstanding with the same risk but a 13% annual coupon rate 7% annual coupon

Other features of bonds

Call Provision: to give the issuer the right to redeem the bonds prior to maturity day

Sinking fund provision: to pay off a loan over its life rather than all at maturity

Convertible bond: may be exchanged for common stock of the firm, at the holder’s option

Warrant: long-term option to buy a stated number of shares of common stock at a specified price

Page 6: CHAPTER 7 Bonds and Their Valuation - Dongguk...Bond Valuation The same company also has 10-year bonds outstanding with the same risk but a 13% annual coupon rate 7% annual coupon

Bond Valuation

$1,000 V$385.54 $38.55 ... $90.91 V

(1.10)

$1,000

(1.10)

$100 ...

(1.10)

$100 V

B

B

10101B

0 1 2 n r

100 100 + 1,000 100 VB = ?

...

What is the value of a 10-year, 10%

annual coupon bond, if rd = 10%?

Page 7: CHAPTER 7 Bonds and Their Valuation - Dongguk...Bond Valuation The same company also has 10-year bonds outstanding with the same risk but a 13% annual coupon rate 7% annual coupon

Bond Valuation

The same company also has 10-year bonds outstanding with the same risk but a 13% annual coupon rate

7% annual coupon rate

$1,184.34 V

(1.10)

$1,000

(1.10)

$130 ...

(1.10)

$130 V

B

10101B

$815.66 V

(1.10)

$1,000

(1.10)

$70 ...

(1.10)

$70 V

B

10101B

Page 8: CHAPTER 7 Bonds and Their Valuation - Dongguk...Bond Valuation The same company also has 10-year bonds outstanding with the same risk but a 13% annual coupon rate 7% annual coupon

채권의 특성 및 가격

채권의 특성 (Why Bond?)

저위험 (Low Risk)

- 확정이자부 & 기한부 증권

- 발행주체의 Credit 高

예) 국고채권 0375-0709 (3년 지표채권)

표면금리 : 3.75%, 발행일 : 2004-09-10 만기일 : 2007-09-10

이 채권을 2006-06-26일에 4.90%의 시장수익률로 매수했다면

금리 변화에 상관없이 만기 시점에는 4.90%의 수익률이 확정됨

4.90%에 매입

만기시점에는

4.90%

수익 확정

만기시점

장기투자(Long Term Investment)에 유리

- 장기적으로 타 금융상품을 Outperform

채권의 가격

Page 9: CHAPTER 7 Bonds and Their Valuation - Dongguk...Bond Valuation The same company also has 10-year bonds outstanding with the same risk but a 13% annual coupon rate 7% annual coupon

Changes in Bond Value over Time

What would happen to the value of these three bonds if its required rate of return remained at 10%:

Years

to Maturity

1,184

1,000

816

10 5 0

13% coupon rate

7% coupon rate

10% coupon rate.

VB

Page 10: CHAPTER 7 Bonds and Their Valuation - Dongguk...Bond Valuation The same company also has 10-year bonds outstanding with the same risk but a 13% annual coupon rate 7% annual coupon

Bond values over time

At maturity, the value of any bond must equal its par value.

If rd remains constant:

The value of a premium bond would decrease over time, until it reached $1,000.

The value of a discount bond would increase over time, until it reached $1,000.

A value of a par bond stays at $1,000.

Page 11: CHAPTER 7 Bonds and Their Valuation - Dongguk...Bond Valuation The same company also has 10-year bonds outstanding with the same risk but a 13% annual coupon rate 7% annual coupon

채권실무

채권발행정보-㈜동양 제265회

http://blog.naver.com/gijuhn?Redirect=Log&logNo=90183054326

Page 12: CHAPTER 7 Bonds and Their Valuation - Dongguk...Bond Valuation The same company also has 10-year bonds outstanding with the same risk but a 13% annual coupon rate 7% annual coupon

Yield to Maturity (YTM)

The rate of return earned on a bond if it is held to maturity

YTM = promised rate of return

= required rate of return

= discount rate

Premium bond: YTM < coupon rate

Discount bond: YTM > coupon rate

Factors affecting YTM

YTM = r* + IP + DRP + LP + MRP

Page 13: CHAPTER 7 Bonds and Their Valuation - Dongguk...Bond Valuation The same company also has 10-year bonds outstanding with the same risk but a 13% annual coupon rate 7% annual coupon

Yield Curve

Yield Curve : a graph showing the relationship between bond yields and maturities

Form

Upward: Common

Downward

Flat

Maturity

Yield

Page 14: CHAPTER 7 Bonds and Their Valuation - Dongguk...Bond Valuation The same company also has 10-year bonds outstanding with the same risk but a 13% annual coupon rate 7% annual coupon

What is the YTM on a 10-year, 9% annual coupon, $1,000 par value bond, selling for $887?

Must find the rd that solves this model.

10d

10d

1d

Nd

Nd

1d

B

)r(1

1,000

)r(1

90 ...

)r(1

90 $887

)r(1

M

)r(1

INT ...

)r(1

INT V

Page 15: CHAPTER 7 Bonds and Their Valuation - Dongguk...Bond Valuation The same company also has 10-year bonds outstanding with the same risk but a 13% annual coupon rate 7% annual coupon

Default risk

If an issuer defaults, investors receive less than the promised return. Therefore, the expected return on corporate and municipal bonds is less than the promised return.

Influenced by the issuer’s financial strength and the terms of the bond contract.

Page 16: CHAPTER 7 Bonds and Their Valuation - Dongguk...Bond Valuation The same company also has 10-year bonds outstanding with the same risk but a 13% annual coupon rate 7% annual coupon

등급 등급 정의

투자적격등급

AAA 원리금 지급확실성이 최고 수준임.

AA 원리금 지급확실성이 매우 높지만, AAA 등급에 비하여 다소 낮은 요소가 있음.

A 원리금 지급확실성이 높지만, 장래의 환경변화에 다소 영향을 받을 가능성이 있음.

BBB 원리금 지급확실성이 있지만, 장래의 환경변화에 따라 저하될 가능성이 내포되어 있음.

투기등급

BB 원리금 지급능력에 당면문제는 없으나, 장래의 안정성면에서는 투기적인 요소가 내포되어 있음.

B 원리금 지급능력이 부족하여 투기적임.

CCC 원리금의 채무불이행이 발생할 위험요소가 내포되어 있음.

CC 원리금의 채무불이행이 발생할 가능성이 높음.

C 원리금의 채무불이행이 발생할 가능성이 지극히 높음.

D 현재 채무불이행 상태에 있음.

회사채 신용등급 구분

순위 ㅇ 알파벳 선순위가 상위 등급이며, 글자가 많을수록 우위임. 예: A>B, AAA>AA ㅇ + - : 기호 표시가 없는 경우(무기호)에 비해 +표시가 우위, -표시는 열위임. 예: A+ > A > A- ㅇ AAA는 최고 등급이며, BBB까지는 적기 상환 능력이 인정됨. ㅇ BB이하는 환경 변화에 따라 상환 능력에 문제가 생길 수 있음 (투기등급이라고 부름) ㅇ D: default 상태 즉 현재 채무불이행 상태임.

일반 목적 투자시 펀드 찾기 신용등급 기호의 해석

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