Chapter 65

Steering Fundamentals

Let’s take a look at the steering system.

This is the parallelogram type steering linkage.

Parallelogram Steering LinkageFront View

The steering linkage controls the direction of the wheels and therefore is responsible for the “toe setting”.

Worn steering components will cause ;

a) a steering wheel with too much free-play

b) tires to wear prematurely due to misadjusted toe alignment.

Just a little looseness, or play, in any of these parts will cause a lot of looseness, or play, at the steering wheel.

Center linkOuter tie rods

Idler arm

Pitman arm

Inner tie rod

Steering box

Turning the tie rod adjusting sleeves that connect the inner and outer tie rods will change the toe angle.

Rack & Pinion Steering Pros & Cons

• Fewer parts than conventional steering gear• Lighter in weight• Eliminates the need for the center link, pitman

arm, and idler arm• Uses ball-socket assemblies at the end of the rack• Two tie rod ends• Center take-off rack uses inner tie rods that bolt

to the rack• Not as strong

Rack and Pinion Operation

Rack & Pinion Cutaway

Temporary loss of power assist when cold is usually caused by grooves that are worn in the spool valve housing.

Springs will wear out and sag over time. This will also change the alignment angles. The springs are responsible

for correct ride height.

The purpose of the shock absorber is to control vehicle spring, or jounce. Excessive spring movement means

excessive toe change and results in excessive tire wear.

Shocks generally should be replaced after five years of use.