Chapter 6 Section 2 Oversees Empires

OR The Empire strikes back….“Yes my lord, you may start your

landing.”

Photo Analysis #1

Portugal and SPAIN• Portugal gained control of Brazil….set up plantations to grow “income

crops” of sugarcane, tobacco, coffee and cotton• Spain sends out men called Conquistadors • “To serve God and his Majesty, to give light to those who were in darkness

and grow rich as men do”• 1519 Cortes conquerors the entire million person Aztec Empire of Empire

with 600 men, 16 horses and a few cannons! • (ADD: with HUGE help of smallpox disease and some friendly tribes of @ a

thousand native warriors who were tired of human sacrificial rites…)• (Aztec leader Montezuma II thought Cortes was their GOD Quetzalcoatl

returning from the east.) Offered Spanish gold which only made them want more!

• Cortes than killed the leader and destroyed an Aztec army in their capital Tenochtitlan. Thus conquering what is now modern day Mexico.

Comparison of Quetzalcoatl and Cortes similarities and differences

Spain Continued

• Conquistador Francisco Pizarro, invaded the Inca Empire in South America (present day Peru) and massacred thousands of Inca as he too demanded gold.

• Spain had two main goals in these conquests: Acquire the wealth and convert the Natives to Christianity.

• Founded settlements called missions and set up plantations

• Spanish priests came in and forcibly converted the Native populations

Conquest and Coversion of the Inca

France

Although the French did not have many explorers in early times some of the most notables ones were:

Jacques Cartier-he sailed up the St. Lawrence River to the site of the present day city of Montreal. He claimed much of eastern Canada for France.

Samuel Champlain- founded Quebec, the first permanent French settlement in the Americas.

England

John Cabot explored the coast of present day Newfoundland.

During the 1600s, like the French, English also founded settlements in the Americas.

On West Indian Islands, such as Jamaica, they introduced sugarcane

Jamestown was founded in 1607 in present day Virginia in 1620 devout Protestants, calling themselves Pilgrims,

sought religious freedom by establishing Plymouth in present day Massachusetts. (This is where the Mayflower Compact was established)

Slave Trade

• Unfortunately, in the 1600s European territories in the Americas based their economies on agricultural products that required intensive labor. Therefore, enslaved Africans planted and harvested sugar, tobacco, and coffee crops. Some even worked in silver mines.

http://www.nmm.ac.uk/freedom/viewTheme.cfm/theme/triangular

This slave trade became part of what is known as the triangular trade.

Ships sailed the legs of a triangle formed by Europe, Africa, and the Americas.

Typically, European ships left their home ports in Europe carrying manufactured goods. In West Africa ship captains traded their goods with local rulers for enslaved people, most of whom were war captives.

The Middle Passage

An enslaved person’s journey from the west coast of Africa to the Americas was a ghastly ordeal called the Middle Passage.

This middle leg of the triangular trade originated from ports along a 3,000 mile stretch on the west coast of Africa.

Captured by other Africans, enslaved Africans were sold to European slave traders along the coast for transport to American plantations.

Because large cargoes brought large profits, the slave traders packed the captives as tightly as possible.

Below deck, each African occupied a space only 4 or 5 feet long and 2 or 3 feet high.

Chained together, they could neither stand nor lie at full length.

In the darkness and stifling heat, many Africans suffocated or died of disease.

Estimates of the number of enslaved Africans brought to America range from 10 to 24 million.

One in five who began the trip did not survive it.

Africans who survived the long Middle Passage faced another terror when they arrived in American ports: the slave auction.

Examined by plantation owners, most Africans were sold to work as laborers-clearing land, planting, and harvesting.

The work was hard, the hours long, and life expectancy short.

Because Europeans believed that Africans were physically suited to hard labor, especially in hot, humid climates,

enslaved people were viewed as nothing more than a unit of labor to exploit for profit

3rd Part of the Triangle Trade

• GOODS LIKE COTTON, coffee, SUGAR AND TOBACCO which the slaves raised on American plantations was then sent back to Europe

• The ships were unloaded of their crops and then reloaded with manufactured goods which were again traded in Africa for a new round of slaves.

BONUS Section! Chap 6 Sec. 3 Terms

• JOINT STOCK COMPANIES: organization that sold stock (or shares) allowing investors to share in profits and risk in a venture!

• Entrepreneurs: individuals who combine ideas, money and raw materials in order to invest and start a business.

• Mercantilism: countries control the foreign trade of lands they conquer and colonize. A state’s power depends upon it’s wealth.

Horrible Histories!

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kKeB82retLs

• Cortes: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MN8FXcuNmco

• Triangle Trade: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q9NyxRI8tkE

Wrap Up

• In groups appoint a writer and a presenter and create a Mega Web of 15 PLUS details covering key info from Section 2…

• 1st question to answer as a group is what will call the center of the web???