chapter 6: present day ozone distribution and trends relevant to climate change a. gaudel, o. r....
DESCRIPTION
Chapter 6: Present day ozone distribution and trends relevant to climate change Section 1 – Introduction 1.1 Present day distribution and trends of ozone metrics relevant to climate 1.2 Description of the relevant metrics Section 2 – Description of data sets Section 3 – Present day distribution of ozone Section 4 – Trends Section 5 – Discussions and ConclusionsTRANSCRIPT
Chapter 6: Present day ozone distribution and trends relevant to climate change
A. Gaudel, O. R. Cooper, G. Ancellet, J. Cuesta, G. Dufour, F. Ebojie, G. Huang, S. S. Kulawik, B. Latter, T. Leblanc, J. Liu, X. Liu, J. Neu, H. Petetin, I. Petropavlovskikh, H. Tanimoto, D. Tarasick, V. Thouret, C. Wespes, H. Worden, C. Vigouroux, J. Ziemke
TOAR Workshop 1.03, Beijing, January 25th 2016
Chapter 6: Present day ozone distribution and trends relevant to climate change
Section 1 – Introduction
Section 2 – Description of data sets
Section 3 – Present day distribution of ozone
Section 4 – Trends
Section 5 – Discussions and Conclusions
Chapter 6: Present day ozone distribution and trends relevant to climate change
Section 1 – Introduction 1.1 Present day distribution and trends of ozone metrics relevant to climate1.2 Description of the relevant metrics
Section 2 – Description of data sets
Section 3 – Present day distribution of ozone
Section 4 – Trends
Section 5 – Discussions and Conclusions
Section 1 – Introduction
1.1 Present day distribution and trends of ozone metrics relevant to climate Summary of what is already available in the peer-reviewed literature
1.2 Description of the relevant metrics Coordinate with Chapter 3. Must conform to the list of metrics approved by the TOAR
Steering Committee on July 31, 2015 and available on the TOAR website: http://www.igacproject.org/TOAR
Chapter 6: Present day ozone distribution and trends relevant to climate change
Section 1 – Introduction 1.1 Present day distribution and trends of ozone metrics relevant to climate1.2 Description of the relevant metrics
Section 2 – Description of data sets2.1 Satellite 2.2 FTIR and Umkehr2.3 IAGOS, Ozonesondes, TOST, lidar2.4 Regionally representative surface sites
Section 3 – Present day distribution of ozone
Section 4 – Trends
Section 5 – Discussions and Conclusions
Chapter 6: Present day ozone distribution and trends relevant to climate change
Section 1 – Introduction 1.1 Present day distribution and trends of ozone metrics relevant to climate1.2 Description of the relevant metrics
Section 2 – Description of data sets2.1 Satellite 2.2 FTIR and Umkehr2.3 IAGOS, Ozonesondes, TOST, lidar2.4 Regionally representative surface sites
Section 3 – Present day distribution of ozone
Section 4 – Trends
Section 5 – Discussions and Conclusions
Overlap with Chapter 2 = Same as in Chapter 2 with much less details
Chapter 6: Present day ozone distribution and trends relevant to climate change
Section 1 – Introduction 1.1 Present day distribution and trends of ozone metrics relevant to climate1.2 Description of the relevant metrics
Section 2 – Description of data sets2.1 Satellite 2.2 FTIR and Umkehr2.3 IAGOS, Ozonesondes, TOST, lidar2.4 Regionally representative surface sites
Section 3 – Present day distribution of ozone
Section 4 – Trends
Section 5 – Discussions and Conclusions
Overlap with Chapter 2, 3 and 4 = Different criteria, question of homogenization
Section 2 – Description of data sets
2.1 Satellite
OMI/MLS, SCIAMACHY, TES, IASI, IASI+GOME2, GOME, OMI
Unitsppbv, DU, Tg
MetricsMonthly mean
Key figuresGlobal map (5°x5°)Time series for latitude bandsRegional map
Relation used to convert DU to ppbvO3 (ppbv) = 1.25 x 1013.25 x TCO (DU) / (Ps – Pt ) (Ziemke et al., 2001)O3 (ppbv) = 1270 x TCO (DU) / (Ps – Pt )
Section 2 – Description of data sets
2.2 FTIR and Umkehr
Unitsppbv, DU
MetricsSeasonal mean
Key figuresTime series site by siteGlobal map
FTIR8 sites between 80N and 80S with 20yrs of datacolumn surface-8kmSunny day
Umkehr5 sites between 65N and 45S with 20yrs of data3 layers: 1-column surface-250hPa
2-surface-500hPa3-500-250hPa
Section 2 – Description of data sets
2.3 IAGOS, Ozonesondes, TOST, lidar
Unitsppbv, DU
MetricsMonthly meanAnnual meanSeasonal mean
Key figuresGlobal map upper troposphereGlobal map per altitude rangeTime series site by site
IAGOSFrankfurt/Munich North AmericaAsiaMiddle East
Ozonesondes12 sites with more than 20yrs of data without changing instrument
Lidar OHP, FranceTable Mountain, California, USA
TOSTGlobal tropospheric ozone with resolution: 5°x5°x1km
Section 2 – Description of data sets
2.4 Regionally representative surface sites
Rural sites - regionally representative and minimally impacted by local emissions
based on human population and nighttime lights
Chapter 6: Present day ozone distribution and trends relevant to climate change
Section 1 – Introduction 1.1 Present day distribution and trends of ozone metrics relevant to climate1.2 Description of the relevant metrics
Section 2 – Description of data sets2.1 Satellite 2.2 FTIR and Umkehr2.3 IAGOS, Ozonesondes, TOST, lidar2.4 Regionally representative surface sites
Section 3 – Present day distribution of ozone3.1 Surface sites 3.2 Free tropospheric mixing ratios 3.3 Tropospheric columns
Section 4 – Trends
Section 5 – Discussions and Conclusions
Surface Sites - Seasonal cycleSurface rural sites US 2006-2010 Summer (JJA)
3.1 Surface sites
Section 3 - Present day distribution of tropospheric ozone
TOST - 8-10km in ppbv 2009-2012
DJF MAM
JJA SON
20 100
IAGOS - Upper troposphere (15-75 hPa below 2pvu) in ppbv 2009-2013
Section 3 - Present day distribution of tropospheric ozone 3.2 Free Troposphere mixing ratios
3.2.1 Global maps of the lower, mid- and upper troposphere
DJF MAM
JJA SON
0 200100
TOST - 8-10km in ppbv 2009-2012
DJF MAM
JJA SON
20 100
IAGOS - Upper troposphere (15-75 hPa below 2pvu) in ppbv 2009-2013
Section 3 - Present day distribution of tropospheric ozone 3.2 Free Troposphere mixing ratios
3.2.1 Global maps of the lower, mid- and upper troposphere
DJF MAM
JJA SON
0 200100
TOST - 8-10km in ppbv 2009-2012
DJF MAM
JJA SON
20 100
IAGOS - Upper troposphere (15-75 hPa below 2pvu) in ppbv 2009-2013
Section 3 - Present day distribution of tropospheric ozone 3.2 Free Troposphere mixing ratios
3.2.1 Global maps of the lower, mid- and upper troposphere
DJF MAM
JJA SON
0 200100
4.5km in ppbv 2009-2012 – TOST
Section 3 - Present day distribution of tropospheric ozone 3.2 Free Troposphere mixing ratios
3.2.1 Global maps of the lower, mid- and upper troposphere
1.5km in ppbv 2009-2012 – TOST
4.5km in ppbv 2009-2012 – TOST
Section 3 - Present day distribution of tropospheric ozone 3.2 Free Troposphere mixing ratios
3.2.1 Global maps of the lower, mid- and upper troposphere
1.5km in ppbv 2009-2012 – TOST
Section 3 - Present day distribution of tropospheric ozone
3.2 Free Troposphere mixing ratios3.2.2 Diurnal Variability
IAGOS – Frankfurt – Diurnal variability from the surface to the tropopause between Aug 1994 and Dec 2013
Section 3 - Present day distribution of tropospheric ozone 3.2 Free Troposphere mixing ratios
3.2.3 Regional distribution of lower tropospheric ozone
Surface-6km in DU 6-12km in DUIASI
DJF
MAM
JJA
SON
Over ChinaIn 2010
IASI+GOME2 Over EuropeIn August 2009
Surf-3km in ppbv 3-9km in ppbv
4 32 10 50
DJF MAM
JJA SON
TOC in DU 2000s – TOST
Section 3 - Present day distribution of tropospheric ozone
3.3 Global distribution of tropospheric ozone column
TOC in DU 2009-2013 – OMI/MLSDJF MAM
JJA SON
5°x5°
0
60
0 60
5°x5°
DJF MAM
JJA SON
TOC in DU 2000s – TOST
Section 3 - Present day distribution of tropospheric ozone
3.3 Global distribution of tropospheric ozone column
TOC in DU 2009-2013 – OMI/MLSDJF MAM
JJA SON
5°x5°
0
60
0 60
5°x5°
DJF MAM
JJA SON
TOC in DU 2000s – TOST
Section 3 - Present day distribution of tropospheric ozone
3.3 Global distribution of tropospheric ozone column
TOC in DU 2009-2013 – OMI/MLSDJF MAM
JJA SON
5°x5°
0
60
0 60
5°x5°
Section 3 - Present day distribution of tropospheric ozone
3.3 Global distribution of tropospheric ozone column
0 10060
in ppbv
Chapter 6: Present day ozone distribution and trends relevant to climate change
Section 1 – Introduction 1.1 Present day distribution and trends of ozone metrics relevant to climate1.2 Description of the relevant metrics
Section 2 – Description of data sets2.1 Satellite 2.2 FTIR and Umkehr2.3 IAGOS, Ozonesondes, TOST, lidar2.4 Regionally representative surface sites
Section 3 – Present day distribution of ozone3.1 Surface sites 3.2 Free tropospheric mixing ratios 3.3 Tropospheric columns
Section 4 – Trends4.1 Surface sites 4.2 Free tropospheric mixing ratios4.3 Tropospheric columns
Section 5 – Discussions and Conclusions
Section 4 - Global trends of tropospheric ozone
Trends between 1990-1999 and ending between 2000-2010 Surface below 1km Surface above 1km lower troposphere from ozonesondes lower troposphere from aircraft
4.1 Surface sites
Section 4 - Global trends of tropospheric ozone
Trends between 1990-1999 and ending between 2000-2010 Surface below 1km Surface above 1km lower troposphere from ozonesondes lower troposphere from aircraft
4.1 Surface sites
Section 4 - Global trends of tropospheric ozone
4.2 Free troposphereGreen triangle = Mountain sitesMountain sites
DJF MAM
SONJJA
Section 4 - Global trends of tropospheric ozone
4.2 Free troposphereMountain sites - Median
DJF MAM
SONJJA
Green triangle = Mountain sites
Section 4 - Global trends of tropospheric ozone
4.2 Free troposphere
Sonde/MOZAIC/SurfaceMOZAIC/IAGOS over Frankfurt
Section 4 - Global trends of tropospheric ozone
TOST (ppbv) – 4.5 km
TOST (ppbv) – 1.5 km
4.2 Free troposphere
Section 4 - Global trends of tropospheric ozone
5°x5° deg
4.3 Tropospheric column
Section 4 - Global trends of tropospheric ozone
4.3 Tropospheric column
OMI/MLS TOC 2005-2015 5°x5°Annual mean
White dots indicate grid cells with statistically significant trends
Section 4 - Global trends of tropospheric ozone
5x5 deg
DJF MAM
4.3 Tropospheric column
OMI/MLS TOC 2005-2015 5°x5°
Section 4 - Global trends of tropospheric ozone
JJA SON
4.3 Tropospheric column
OMI/MLS TOC 2005-2015 5°x5°
Section 4 - Global trends of tropospheric ozone
4.3 Tropospheric column
OMI/MLS - Tg
Mean Value Deseasonalized % Anomalies
Anomaly = 100 * (xmonth(lat) – time mean [xmonth(lat)])/time mean
Tropics andN. mid-lat reachhighest % anomaly2010-2011
Section 4 - Global trends of tropospheric ozone 4.3 Tropospheric column
Section 4 - Global trends of tropospheric ozone
4.3 Tropospheric column
IASI Column Average VMR surface-400 hPa IASI Column Average VMR (surface-400 hPa) Anomaly
Section 4 - Global trends of tropospheric ozone
4.3 Tropospheric column
GOME/OMI - ppbv GOME-1/GOME-2A - VMR
Section 4 - Global trends of tropospheric ozone
4.3 Tropospheric column FTIR surface-8km in DUDJF MAM
SONJJA
Section 4 - Global trends of tropospheric ozone
4.3 Tropospheric column FTIR surface-8km in DUDJF MAM
SONJJA
Significant positive trends Lauder in boreal springIzana in boreal summer
Section 4 - Global trends of tropospheric ozone
4.3 Tropospheric columnDJF MAM
SONJJA
Umkehr surface-250hPa in DU
Section 4 - Global trends of tropospheric ozone
4.3 Tropospheric columnDJF MAM
SONJJA
Umkehr surface-250hPa in DU
Significant positive trends Fairbanks in boreal spring
Significant negative trends OHP and Perth in boreal spring and summer
Summary
High ozone values over East Asia, India, East Mediterranean in MAM/JJA Increase of ozone over Asia Global increase of ozone according to surface sites and OMI/MLS Decrease of ozone according to TES-IASI and some Umkehr stations
Coordination/overlap with other chapter
Chapter 2: description of data setsChapter 7: metrics used to evaluate modelsChapter 2, 4, 5: Criteria for the regional representativeness of surface sites