chapter 6: pneumatic logic sensors and actuators

7/23/2019 Chapter 6: Pneumatic Logic Sensors and Actuators

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Labufadturnbj Autglatngb usnbj _@Ds

DCA_YH] 6 _bhulatnd @gjnd Thbsgrs abi Adtuatgrs

Dcapthr 6; _bhulatnd @gjnd Thbsgrs abi Adtuatgrs

6.1 _bhulatnd `nlnt, pusc-muttgb abi hlhrjhbdy stgp va`vhs

6.= _bhulatnd inrhdtngba` pn`gt dgbtrg` va`vh

6.4 Tg`hbgni adtuatngb inrhdtngba` dgbtrg` va`vhs6.9 _bhulatnd inrhdtngba` dgbtrg` va`vh sylmg`s

6.8 Dy`nbihr (dy`nbihrs) adtuatngb dnrdunt

6.8.1 Tnbj`h adtnbj dy`nbihr adtuatngb

6.8.= Igum`h adtnbj dy`nbihr adtuatngb usnbj pn`gt va`vh adtuatngb

_bhulatnd @gjnd Thbsgrs abi Adtuatgrs

6.1


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_bhulatnd dgbtrg` systhl ns rh!uhbt`y ushi nb munìnbj autglatnd asshlm`y ladcnbhs.

_bhulatnd shbsgrs abi adtuatgrs arh ushi nb sudc dgbtrg` systhl. "`hdtrnd durrhbt `g#s

mht#hhb `gjnd shbsgrs abi adtuatgrs iurnbj ladcnbh dgbtrg` sh!uhbdh. $b gtchr cabis,

prhssurh anr`nbh `g#s mht#hhb pbhulatnd shbsgrs abi adtuatgrs iurnbj ladcnbh dgbtrg`

sh!uhbdh. $b lgst dashs, mgtc dgbtrg` systhls arh ushi tg munì tch ladcnbh dgbtrg`

sh!uhbdh. %`tcgujc, cyirau`nd dgbtrg` systhl dab a`sg mh ushi, tcns #n`` bgt mh

dgbsnihrhi nb durrhbt Dcapthr.

6.1 _bhulatnd nlnt, pusc!uttgb abi hlhrjhbd" stgp #a`#hs

&ch lanb strudturh g tch `nlnt va`vhs, pusc muttgb abi hlhrjhbdy stgp va`vhs arh

tch salh. _bhulatnd `nlnt va`vhs arh tch h!unva`hbt g lhdcabnda` `nlnt s#ntdchs.

'urtchrlgrh, tch pbhulatnd pusc muttgb abi hlhrjhbdy stgp va`vhs arh h!unva`hbt

g lhdcabnda` pusc muttgb abi hlhrjhbdy stgp lhdcabnda` s#ntdchs. &ch lanb

inhrhbdh mht#hhb tch pbhulatnd `nlnt va`vhs abi tch lhdcabnda` s#ntdchs, nb tch

àtthr, tch adtuatnbj arl gr pùbjhr scnts a sg-da``hi inrhdtngba`-dgbtrg` va`vh ratchrtcab h`hdtrnd dgbtadts. Talh tcnbj ns app`nhi gr pusc muttgb abi hlhrjhbdy va`vhs.

'gr halp`h, dgbsnihr 'nj. 6.1, #cndc scg#s a sg-da``hi *+ `nlnt va`vh (lhabnbj

dgbbhdtngbs abi + pgsntngbs va`vh). &ch va`vh scg#b as bgrla``y d`gshi, sg tcat tch

gut`ht `nbh ns hcausthi tg atlgspchrh #chb tch va`vh ns bgt adtuathi. chb tch

va`vh ns adtuathi, tch rg``hr ns ihprhsshi ajanbst tch rhturb sprnbj at tch mgttgl, sg

tcat tch va`vh gphbs abi passhs supp`y prhssurh tg tch gut`ht `nbh.

'nj. 6.+ n`ùstraths abgtchr pbhulatnd `nlnt va`vh da``hi *+ `nlnt va`vh (lhabnbj

dgbbhdtngbs abi + pgsntngbs va`vh), #cndc cas t#g nbihphbihbt gut`ht `nbhs, gbh nsbgrla``y gphb abi ns tch shdgbi bgrla``y d`gshi. Tudc a va`vh ns aba`gjgus tg `nlnt

lhdcabnda` s#ntdc #ntc dcabjhgvhr dgbtadts (/ abi D dgbtadts s#ntdc).

'gr mgtc dashs, tch `nlnt va`vh dab mh ushi as pusc-muttgb va`vh abi ig tch salh

stathi ubdtngbs, as scgwb nb Fnj.6.+.

6.= _bhulatnd inrhdtngba` pn`gt dgbtrg` #a`#h

6.+

/utput

"caust

Tupp`y

prhssurh

D h`hdtrg-

lhdcabnda` s#ntdc

D

`nl

nt

va`

vh

$nj. 6.1 %grla``" d`gshi `nlnt #a`#h strudturh, &T' abi A%T& s"l!g` abi tch

dgrrhspgbinbj h`hdtrglhdcabnda` s(ntdc s"l!g`.


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?gst inrhdtngba`-dgbtrg` va`vhs arh g tch spgg` abi s`hhvh typh. 'nj. 6., scg#s a

*+ spgg` va`vh (sdchlatnda``y). chb tch spgg` pgsntngb gr pn`gt `nbh cas mhhb

prhssurnhi my p1 `nbh. '`g# `nbh mht#hhb % = I pgrts, abi 4 = " pgsts arh passhi,

#cn`h D ns m`gd9hi. $ pn`gt `nbh p+ ns prhssurnhi, tch spgg` scnthi tg tch `nt #ntc

dgrrhspgbinbj dcabjh nb `g# patcs as n``ustrathi nb 'nj 6.. %`sg, 'nj. 6. scg#s

a`sg tch $T/ gr %T$ stabiari sylmg` g *+ #ay inrhdtngba` va`vh. &cns typh ginrhdtngba` va`vh dab mh ushi as T"&-8"T& lhdcabnda` lhlgry nb pbhulatnd

dnrdunt.

6.

/utput

A+

A-

"caust

Tupp`y

prhssurh

"caust

/utput

A+

A-

"caust

Tupp`y

prhssurh

"caust

$nj. 6.= 8(a"s t(g pgsntngbs inrhdtngba` `nlnt #a`#h) nbthrba` strudturh, &T' abi

A%T& #a`#h s"l!g`, dgrrhspgbinbj h`hdtrglhdcabnda` s(ntdc s"l!g`, abi t"phs

pusc !uttgbs.

D (A+)

D/?

/ (%-)

"!unva`hbt dcabjhgvhr lhdcabnda`

`nlnt s#ntdc Tylmg`.

D (A+)

D/?

/ (%-)

"!unva`hbt 8 dcabjhgvhr

lhdcabnda` nlnt s#ntdc Tylmg`.

$nj. 6.4 8(a"s t(g pgsntngbs inrhdtngba` pn`gt #a`#h) nbthrba` strudturh, abi &T'

A%T& #a`#h s"l!g`.

% 4 D

% 4 D

I "

I "

_1 _+

_1 _+

I "

% 4 D


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6.4 Tg`hbgni adtuatngb inrhdtngba` dgbtrg` #a`#hs

&ch lanb inhrhbdh mht#hhb tch sg`hbgni adtuatngb inrhdtngba` dgbtrg` va`vh abi

pn`gt dgbtrg` va`vh, ns tch #ay g inspàdhlhbt g tch va`vh spgg`. Tpgg` va`vh

inspàdhlhbt ns darrnhi gut usnbj t#g prhssurnhi anr p1 abi p+ nb dash g tch pn`gt

dgbtrg` va`vh. cn`h sg`hbgni abi sprnbj lhdcabnsls arh ushi tg inspàdh tch spgg`

va`vh nb dash g tch sg`hbgni adtuatngb inrhdtngba` va`vh (gr snlp`y sg`hbgni

inrhdtngba` va`vh) as scg#b nb 'nj. 6.:. Tnlnàr`y, sg`hbgni adtuatngb dab a`sg mh

ushi #ntc *+ #ays inrhdtngba` va`vh.

6.9 _bhulatnd inrhdtngba` dgbtrg` #a`#h s"l!g`s

&chsh pbhulatnd va`vhs tcat insdusshi sg ar da``hi inrhdtngba` dgbtrg` va`vhs abi

ushi as /*/'' va`vhs tg dgbtrg` tch anr`g# tg tch adtuatgrs. ?gst inrhdtngba`-

6.:

$nj. 6.9 Tg`hbgni adtuatngb inrhdtngba` dgbtrg` #a`#h *8+4 (a"s.


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dgbtrg` va`vhs cavh t#g gr tcrhh insdrhth pgrts gr pgsntngbs. 'nj. 6., scg#s tch

nbthrbatngba` $T/ gr 3bnthi Ttaths %T$ stabiari sylmg`s gr tcrhh dgbbhdtngbs

t#g pgsntngb va`vh, *+ va`vh. &ch t#g rhdtabj`hs rhprhshbt tch t#g insdrhth

pgsntngbs g tch va`vh. Tnbdh tch dgbbhdtngb tumhs arh ira#b nb tcns dash attadchi tg

tch `ht rhdtabj`h, tcns lhabs tcat tch va`vh ns prhshbt`y nb tch `ht pgsntngb.

$b 'nj. 6., tchrh arh tcrhh dgbbhdtngbs, gr va`vh pgrts, àmh`hi as %, 4 abi D,

rhsphdtnvh`y. %s `gbj as tch va`vh rhlanbs nb tch `ht pgsntngb, `ht rhdtabj`h, tchrh ns

anr`g# rgl pgrt % tg D, #cn`h pgrt 4 ns m`gd9hi. chb tcns va`vh ns scnthi tg nts

rnjct pgsntngb, rnjct rhdtabj`h, pgrt % m`gd9hi, #cn`h pgrt 4 abi D arh dgbbhdthi.

&ch arrg#chais scg#b gb tch sylmg` arh gptngba`, tchy nbindatnbj tch anr`g#

inrhdtngbs.

'nj. 6., scg#s tch sylmg` g a nvh dgbbhdtngbs t#g pgsntngb (*+) va`vh. $b tch `ht

pgsntngb, pgrt % abi I arh dgbbhdthi, abi `n9h#nsh pgrt 4 abi ", #cn`h pgrt D ns

m`gd9hi. $b tch rnjct pgsntngb, pgrt % ns m`gd9hi, #cn`h pgrt 4 ns dgbbhdthi tg I, abi

pgrt D tg ".

$b aiintngb tg tch rhdtabj`hs scg#nbj tch va`vh pgsntngbs, tch sylmg` lust a`sg nbindathcg# tch va`vh ns scnthi gr adtuathi. &ch sylmg`s gr dgllgb adtuatngb lhtcgis scg#b nb

'nj. 6.6. %s n`ùstrathi nb 'nj 6.6, tch adtuatngb sylmg`s arh gr gb`y gbh va`vh pgsntngb.

%dtua``y, tch gppgsnth adtuatngb lust a`sg hnst, mhdaush gtchr#nsh tch va`vh dguì bhvhr

scnthi mad9 tg nts grnjnba` pgsntngb. varngus dglmnbatngb arh avanàm`h. 'gr halp`h,

'nj( 6.>a) scg#s a va`vh #ntc pn`gt-prhssurh adtuatngb abi rhturb sprnbj. $b 'nj 6.>(m, a)

sg`hbgni ns sumstntuthi gr tch pn`gt `nbh. 'nj 6.>(d = i), bg rhturb sprnbj, nbsthai tch va`vh

ns scnthi mad9 my adtnvatnbj tch gppgsnth pn`gt `nbh gr sg`hbgni, rhsphdtnvh`y.

'nj 6.>(h) scg#s aiintngba` pgsntngb tg tch *+ inrhdtngba` va`vh. &ch lni-pgsntngb m`gd9s

a`` tch pgrts. &cns typh g va`vhs ns da``hi * inrhdtngba` va`vhs ( dgbbhdtngbs,

pgsntngbs). &ch grnjnba` pgsntngb (gr bgrla` pgsntngb) g tch va`vh at tch lnii`h (m`gd9hi

pgrts pgsntngb).

6.

I "

% 4 D

D

% 4

$nj. 6.8 &`ùstratngb g- &T' abi A%T& s"l!g`s g- 4+= abi 8+= (a"s

inrhdtngba` #a`#h.

Tprnbj rhturb hvhr

?hdcabnda`-rg``hr

_usc muttgb 'ggt phia`

"`hdtrnd(sg`hbgni)

?abua` ?hdcabnda`(pùbjhr)

_bhulatnd(pn`gt)

_bhulatnd

(pn`gt

snjba`

alp`nnhr)

$nj. 6.6 Dgllgb lhtcgis ushi tg adtuatnbj inrhdtngba` va`vhs.


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'nj. 6.;, scg#s sglh aiintngba` pbhulatnd sylmg`s, abi lgst scguì mh sh`-hpàbatgry.

'gr halp`h, anr supp`y sylmg` ushi as dgllgb (a`` pgnbts dgbbhdthi tg anr supp`y).

Dchd9 va`vh sylmg` rhprhshbts a gbh-inrhdtngb anr `g# va`vh. &ch scutt`h va`vh cas rhh-

`gat ma`` gr ins9 am`h tg sha` hntchr g t#g shats, n hntchr nbput % gr 4 ns prhssurnhi, tch

ma`` sha`s tch gppgsnth shat, chbdh gutput D ns cnjc (tcns typh g va`vh ushi as /8 jath,

#chrh tch D gutput ns cnjc gb`y #chb gbh g tch nbput % gr 4 cnjc).

6.8 D"`nbihr *d" nbihrs adtuatngb dnrdunt

6.8.1 Tnbj`h adtnbj d"`nbihr adtuatngb

6.6

Tnbj`h-adt-dy`nbihr(sprnbj rhturb)

_usc-muttgb va`vh

*+ #ay inrhdtngba` va`vh(dy`nbihr adtuatnbj va`vh)

$nj. 6. Adtuatnbj dnrdunt g- snbj`hadtnbj d"`nbihr.

_1

_n`gt `nbh = rhturb sprnbj (*+) va`vh.

Tg`hbgni = rhturb sprnbj (*+) va`vh.

Igum`h pn`gt `nbhs (*+) va`vh.

Igum`h sg`hbgni (*+) va`vh.

Igum`h sg`hbgni = rhturb sprnbjs (*) va`vh.

$nj. 6./ ?a`#h s"l!g`s -gr -n#h in--hrhbt (a"s g- #a`#h adtuatngb.

Tnbj`h-adtnbjdy`nbihr #ntc a

rhturb sprnbj

Igum`h-adtnbj

dy`nbihr

4ninrhdtngbaànr lgtgr

8hstrndtngb

(nhi)

%nr dglprhssgr

_rhssurh8hjuàtgr

%nr supp`y

5arnam`h rhstrndtngb

(bhhi`h va`vh)

5hbt tg atlgspchrh

Dchd9 va`vh

ubninrhdtngb

Tcutt`h va`vh

$nj. 6. Aiintngba` pbhulatnd s"l!g`s.


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Gphratngb ;

chb pusc muttgb prhsshi, pn`gt `nbh g tch *+ dy`nbihr adtuatnbj va`vh ns

prhssurnhi.

%nr pass tch `ht dy`nbihr snih, rhsu`ts nb pnstgb lgvhi gr#ari.

chb pusc muttgb va`vh rh`hash, tch *+ va`vh rhturb tg nt0s grnjnba` pgsntngb

abi tch pnstgb rhturb usnbj sprnbj grdh tg nt0s grnjnba` pgsntngb(scg#b pgsntngb).

&ch dnrdunt ns ira#b nb nt0s nbntna` pgsntngb.

6.8.= gu!`h adtnbj d" nbihr adtuatngb usnbj pn`gt #a`#h adtuatngb

6.>$nj. 6.1 Adtuatnbj dnrdunt -gr igu!`hadtnbj

d"`nbihr usnbj 8+= pn`gt #a`#h ?A, 4+= pusc !uttgb

#a`#h *TA abi 4+= `nlnt #a`#h * a+ -gr

ladcnbh shuhbdh TA, A:,A .

A :

A A:

?A

TA

.a+


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Gphratngb ;

%t tch mhjnbbnbj, a`` h`hlhbts pgsntngbhi as scg#b nb 'nj. 6.1


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igum`h-adtnbj dy`nbihr). Ohbdh, tcns #n`` grdhs tch gphratgr tg #ntcira#

mgtc cabis rgl tch iabjhrgus arha mhgrh tch prhss ihsdhbis. Ira#

pbhulatnd dnrdunt tg adtuaths igum`h adtnbj dy`nbihr usnbj tcrhh pbhulatnd

va`vhsA tch nrst abi tch shdgbi va`vhs arh t#g *+ pusc muttgb va`vhs, abi

tch tcnri va`vh 5% ns *+ inrhdtngba` va`vh #ntc gbh pn`gt `nbh abi rhturb

sprnbj M

6.+) Ira# tch $T/ gr %T$ sylmg` g *+ nlnt va`vh #ntc bgrla``y gphb

ihsnjb strudturhM

6.

/utput

"caust

Tupp`yprhssurh

D

`nl

ntva`

vh

/utput

Tupp`y

prhssurh

"caust

/`nl

nt

va`

vh

Abs

Abs A :

A A:

?A

TA=TA1


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6.) Ira# a pbhulatnd dnrdunt tg irnvh t#g igum`h adtnbj dy`nbihrs ( % abi 4 )usnbj t#g *+ pn`gt typh va`vhs, pusc muttgb *+ va`vh abi t#g *+ `nlnt

va`vhs usnbj tch g``g#nbj dgbtrg` sh!uhbdh .,,,

++

M

AMATYAY

%bs)

6.:) Ihvh`gp tch pbhulatnd bht#gr9 gr 8*T ' np-'`gp usnbj _n`gt *+ va`vh abi

+ pusc-muttgb va`vhs *+ typh #ntc sprnbj rhturb, ira# tch pbhulatnd

bht#gr9 dnrdunt M

6.1) Ihvh`gp a pbhulatnd bht#gr9 dnrdunt tg rub tch g` g#nbj pbhulatnd

ladcnbh sh!uhbdh

+

++

!

M

A

!

MATYAY .,,,

6.;) Ihvh`gp pbhulatnd bht#gr9 dnrdunt gr %I, /8 abi /& jathsM

6.11


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6.1+

@a!gratgr" 6.1 ;Ihvh`gp tch pbhulatnd `gjnd bht#gr9 gr !uhstngb 6. usnbj tch

pbhulatnd tgg`s jnvhb `am.

chapter 6: pneumatic logic sensors and actuators

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