chapter 6 phonetics

Phonetics: The Sounds Phonetics: The Sounds of Languageof Language

The Phonetic The Phonetic AlphabetAlphabet

What is Phonetics?What is Phonetics?

PhoneticsPhonetics: “The science, study, : “The science, study, analysis and classification of speech analysis and classification of speech sounds, including their production, sounds, including their production, transmission, and reception.” transmission, and reception.”

• Pei Mario (1966)Pei Mario (1966) 205. 205.

The main branchesThe main branches

Acoustic phonetics-Acoustic phonetics- deals deals with the with the physical properties of the sounds.physical properties of the sounds.

AuditoryAuditory phonetics-phonetics- studies studies listeners perception of these sounds. listeners perception of these sounds.

Articulatory phonetics-Articulatory phonetics- how the how the vocal tract produces the sounds. vocal tract produces the sounds.

HistoryHistory

• Although phonetics has a long history Although phonetics has a long history the first serious attempt to codify a the first serious attempt to codify a universal phonetic alphabet universal phonetic alphabet encompassing a symbol for every encompassing a symbol for every known speech sound began with the known speech sound began with the International Phonetic Association (IPA) International Phonetic Association (IPA) in 1888. It was continued by Daniel in 1888. It was continued by Daniel Jones and Paul Passy two influential Jones and Paul Passy two influential British linguists.British linguists.

• IPA Homepage. tm

http://www2.arts.ac.uk/IPA/IPA.htm

HistoryHistory

• Daniel Jones demonstrates a Daniel Jones demonstrates a kymographkymograph i.e. a device for i.e. a device for recording air pressure and speech recording air pressure and speech movements and a movements and a palatogrampalatogram to to help adult foreigners learn to help adult foreigners learn to speak English like a native and speak English like a native and acquire good pronunciation. acquire good pronunciation.

• http://waij.com/oldbooks/phoneticshttp://waij.com/oldbooks/phonetics

Table 6.6 Phonetic SymbolsTable 6.6 Phonetic Symbols

• Table 6.6 on page 264-265 of you Table 6.6 on page 264-265 of you text gives the Phonetic text gives the Phonetic Symbol/English Spelling Symbol/English Spelling Correspondences for American Correspondences for American English consonants and vowels. English consonants and vowels.

The anatomy of a phonetic The anatomy of a phonetic transcription transcription

WordWord TranscriptionTranscription

ThoughThough [[ ]]

Step # 1Step # 1Break word into constituent Break word into constituent

elementselements

ThoughThough [th-ou-gh][th-ou-gh]

Step # 2Step # 2Assign correct phonetic Assign correct phonetic

symbols to each unitsymbols to each unit

ThoughThough [th-ou-gh][th-ou-gh]th= ?th= ?ou=?ou=?gh=?gh=?

Step # 2Step # 2Assign correct phonetic Assign correct phonetic


ThoughThough [th-ou-gh][th-ou-gh]th= th= δδou=ou=oo

gh=silentgh=silent

Correct Phonetic Correct Phonetic TranscriptionTranscription

SpellingSpelling PronunciationPronunciation

ThoughThough [[δδoo]]

Practice # 2Practice # 2


ThoughtThought [[ ]]

Practice # 2Practice # 2Assign correct phonetic Assign correct phonetic


ThoughtThought [th-ou-ght][th-ou-ght]th= th= θθou=ou=ֿכֿכ

gh=silentgh=silentt=tt=t

Transcription # 2Transcription # 2


ThoughtThought [[θθֿכֿכtt]]



roughrough [[ ]]



roughrough [r[rΛΛff]]



boughbough [[ ]]



boughbough [[bawbaw]]



ThroughThrough [[ ]]



ThroughThrough [[θθruru]]



wouldwould [[ ]]



wouldwould [[wUdwUd]]

French TranscriptionFrench Transcription


tutu [[ ]]

French TranscriptionFrench Transcription


tutu [[tyty]]

The piThe pièèce de rce de réésistance sistance question 8 page 270-271 question 8 page 270-271

Write a phonetic transcription Write a phonetic transcription of the italicized words in the of the italicized words in the

poem entitled “English” poem entitled “English” published long ago in a British published long ago in a British

newspaper. newspaper.

The English PoemThe English Poem• I take it you already I take it you already knowknow • Of Of toughtough and and boughbough and and coughcough and and doughdough??• Some may stumble, but not Some may stumble, but not youyou,,• On On hiccoughhiccough, , thoroughthorough, , sloughslough and and throughthrough??• So now you are ready, perhaps,So now you are ready, perhaps,• To learn of less familiar traps?To learn of less familiar traps?• Beware of Beware of heardheard, a dreadful , a dreadful wordword • That looks like That looks like beardbeard and sounds like and sounds like birdbird . .• And And deaddead , it’s , it’s saidsaid like like bedbed, not , not beadbead;;• For goodness’ sake, don’t call it For goodness’ sake, don’t call it deeddeed ! !• Watch out for Watch out for meatmeat and and greatgreat and and threatthreat . .• (They rhyme with (They rhyme with suitesuite and and straightstraight and and

debt debt .).)• A A mothmoth is not a moth in is not a moth in mothermother , ,• Nor Nor bothboth in in botherbother, , brothbroth in in brotherbrother . .

The English poem line 1The English poem line 1

•I take it you already I take it you already knowknow

The English poem line 1The English poem line 1

•I take it you already I take it you already knowknow •Know= [no]Know= [no]

Line 2Line 2

•Of Of toughtough and and boughbough and and coughcough and and doughdough??

Line # 2 transcribedLine # 2 transcribed

•Of Of toughtough [t [tΛΛf] and f] and boughbough [baw] and [baw] and coughcough [k [kээf] and f] and dough dough [do]?[do]?

Line 3Line 3

•Some may stumble, butSome may stumble, but notnot you you

Line 3 transcribedLine 3 transcribed

•Some may stumble, butSome may stumble, but notnot you you [ju] [ju]

Line 4Line 4

•On On hiccoughhiccough, , thoroughthorough, , sloughslough and and throughthrough??


•On On hiccough hiccough [h[hΙΙkkΛΛp], p], thoroughthorough [ [θəθəro], ro], sloughslough [slu] and [slu] and through through [[θθru]?ru]?

Line 5 and 6Line 5 and 6

•So now you are ready, So now you are ready, perhaps,perhaps,

•To learn of less familiar To learn of less familiar traps?traps?

Line 7Line 7

•Beware of Beware of heardheard, a , a dreadful dreadful wordword


•Beware of Beware of heardheard [h [hΛΛrd], a rd], a dreadful dreadful wordword [w [wΛΛrd]rd]

Line 8Line 8

•That looks like That looks like beardbeard and and sounds like sounds like birdbird. .


•That looks like That looks like beardbeard [bird] and sounds like [bird] and sounds like birdbird

[b[bΛΛrd]. rd].

Line 9Line 9

•And And deaddead, it’s , it’s saidsaid like like bedbed, not , not beadbead; ;


•And And deaddead [d [dεεd], it’s d], it’s saidsaid [s[sεεd] like d] like bedbed [b [bεεd], not d], not

beadbead [bid]; [bid];

Line 10Line 10

•For goodness’ sake, don’t For goodness’ sake, don’t call it call it deeddeed!!


•For goodness’ sake, don’t For goodness’ sake, don’t call it call it deeddeed [did]! [did]!

Line 11Line 11

•Watch out for Watch out for meatmeat and and greatgreat and and threatthreat. .


•Watch out for Watch out for meatmeat [mit] [mit] and and greatgreat [gret] and [gret] and

threatthreat [ [θθrrεεt]. t].

Line 12Line 12

•(They rhyme with (They rhyme with suitesuite and and straightstraight and and debtdebt.).)


•(They rhyme with (They rhyme with suitesuite [swit] and [swit] and straightstraight [stret] [stret]

and and debt debt [d[dεεt].)t].)

Line 13Line 13

•A A mothmoth is not a moth in is not a moth in mothermother


•A A mothmoth [m [mэθэθ] is not a ] is not a moth in moth in mothermother [m [mΛδəΛδər] r]

Line 14Line 14

•Nor Nor bothboth in in botherbother, , broth broth in in brotherbrother. .


•Nor Nor bothboth [bo [boθθ] in ] in botherbother [ba[baδΛδΛr], r], broth broth [br [brэθэθ] in ] in

brotherbrother [br [brəδəəδər]. r].

Finished PoemFinished Poem• I take it you already I take it you already knowknow [no] [no]• Of Of toughtough [t [tΛΛf] and f] and boughbough [baw] and [baw] and coughcough [k [kээf] and f] and dough dough

[do]?[do]?• Some may stumble, but not Some may stumble, but not youyou [ju], [ju],• On On hiccough hiccough [h[hΙΙkkΛΛp], p], thoroughthorough [ [θəθəro], ro], sloughslough [slu] and [slu] and

through through [[θθru]?ru]?• So now you are ready, perhaps,So now you are ready, perhaps,• To learn of less familiar traps?To learn of less familiar traps?• Beware of Beware of heardheard [h [hΛΛrd], a dreadful rd], a dreadful wordword [w [wΛΛrd]rd]• That looks like That looks like beardbeard [bird] and sounds like [bird] and sounds like birdbird [b [bΛΛrd].rd].• And And deaddead [d [dεεd], it’s d], it’s saidsaid [s [sεεd] like d] like bedbed [b [bεεd], not d], not beadbead [bid]; [bid];• For goodness’ sake, don’t call it For goodness’ sake, don’t call it deeddeed [did]! [did]!• Watch out for Watch out for meatmeat [mit] and [mit] and greatgreat [gret] and [gret] and threatthreat [ [θθrrεεt].t].• (They rhyme with (They rhyme with suitesuite [swit] and [swit] and straightstraight [stret] and [stret] and debt debt

[d[dεεt].)t].)• A A mothmoth [m [mэθэθ] is not a moth in ] is not a moth in mothermother [m [mΛδəΛδər]r]• Nor Nor bothboth [bo [boθθ] in ] in botherbother [ba [baδΛδΛr], r], broth broth [br [brэθэθ] in ] in brotherbrother

[br[brəδəəδər].r].

ReferencesReferences

• Fromkin , V. & Rodman, R. Fromkin , V. & Rodman, R. An An Introduction to Language,Introduction to Language, 7 7thth edition. edition. Orlando, FL: Harcourt Brace. pp. 231-Orlando, FL: Harcourt Brace. pp. 231-271.271.

• www2.arts.gla.ac.uk/IPA/IPA.htmlwww2.arts.gla.ac.uk/IPA/IPA.html

• http://waij.com/oldbooks/phoneticshttp://waij.com/oldbooks/phonetics

chapter 6 phonetics

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