Chapter 6 Chapter 6 Lesson 3 Lesson 3 How Are Plants Sorted Into Groups?How Are Plants Sorted Into Groups?

Vocabulary PreviewVocabulary Preview

Nonvascular plant:Nonvascular plant: plant without plant without transport tubes to carry transport tubes to carry water/nutrients throughout the plantwater/nutrients throughout the plant

Vascular plant:Vascular plant: a plant with tubes to a plant with tubes to carry water/nutrients throughout the carry water/nutrients throughout the plant. plant.

VocabularyVocabulary

XylemXylem: vascular tissue that carries : vascular tissue that carries water and nutrients from roots to water and nutrients from roots to other parts of a plantother parts of a plant

Phloem: Phloem: vascular tissue that carries vascular tissue that carries food from leaves to other parts of a food from leaves to other parts of a plantplant

VocabularyVocabulary

Gymnosperm: Gymnosperm: a vascular plant that a vascular plant that produces seeds that are not produces seeds that are not surrounded by fruit. surrounded by fruit.

Angiosperm:Angiosperm: a flowering plant a flowering plant whose seeds are surrounded by whose seeds are surrounded by fruit. fruit.

Nonvascular Plants Nonvascular Plants

Have you ever seen Have you ever seen a rock or log covered a rock or log covered with a moist, velvety with a moist, velvety green plant? green plant?

What you’ve seen What you’ve seen isn’t really a plant, isn’t really a plant, but many tiny moss but many tiny moss plants. plants.

Mosses are Mosses are nonvascular plants. nonvascular plants.

Mosses grow on rocks, on trees, and in other places where they can absorb nutrients and moisture.

Nonvascular PlantsNonvascular Plants Nonvascular plants: Nonvascular plants: don’t have true roots, but are don’t have true roots, but are

anchored into the ground by small root-like structures. anchored into the ground by small root-like structures.

They have small, leaf-like structures that make food.They have small, leaf-like structures that make food. But they aren’t true leaves because they have no But they aren’t true leaves because they have no

veins. veins.

Nonvascular plants don’t have any tissue for carrying Nonvascular plants don’t have any tissue for carrying materials throughout the plant.materials throughout the plant.

Nonvascular Plants Nonvascular Plants

absorb water and nutrients from their surroundingsabsorb water and nutrients from their surroundings

Water in the plant carries food/nutrients directly from cell to Water in the plant carries food/nutrients directly from cell to cell. Because of this, they can’t grow tall. cell. Because of this, they can’t grow tall.

Since their small, they can absorb enough water to carry Since their small, they can absorb enough water to carry throughout the plants.throughout the plants.

When there is not enough water, a nonvascular plant such as When there is not enough water, a nonvascular plant such as

moss quickly dries out and turns brown. moss quickly dries out and turns brown.

When it rains, many mosses turn green again. When it rains, many mosses turn green again.

Vascular Plants Trees are more complex Trees are more complex

than mosses. than mosses.

Trees belong to the Trees belong to the vascular plant group. vascular plant group.

Vascular Plants: Vascular Plants: have tissues that support have tissues that support the plant and carry the plant and carry water/food.water/food.

Roots, stems, and Roots, stems, and leaves all contain leaves all contain vascular tissue. vascular tissue.

Vascular PlantsVascular Plants

There are 2 types of vascular tissue. There are 2 types of vascular tissue. Xylem:Xylem: carries water/nutrients from roots to carries water/nutrients from roots to

other parts of a plantother parts of a plant Phloem:Phloem: carries food from leaves to the carries food from leaves to the

rest of the plants (think phloem=food)rest of the plants (think phloem=food)

With these tissues, vascular plants do not With these tissues, vascular plants do not rely on water moving to nearby cells only. rely on water moving to nearby cells only.

Venn Diagram: Venn Diagram: Nonvascular and VascularNonvascular and Vascular

Phloem and Xylem SongPhloem and Xylem Song Sung to "This Old Man" Sung to "This Old Man"

Xylem’s up, phloem’s downXylem’s up, phloem’s downCarrying food all aroundCarrying food all aroundXylem takes it from the rootsXylem takes it from the rootsPhloem transports sugary Phloem transports sugary foodfood

In between them, you will findIn between them, you will findCambium makes cells all the Cambium makes cells all the timetimePhloem’s closest to the barkPhloem’s closest to the barkXylem’s near the center partXylem’s near the center part

Photosynthesis, you’ll Photosynthesis, you’ll seeseeMakes the food for the Makes the food for the treetreeCO2 and the sunCO2 and the sunAnd chlorophyll, round And chlorophyll, round out the funout the fun

Making food in the leavesMaking food in the leavesGlucose that is sugaryGlucose that is sugaryXylem’s up, phloem’s Xylem’s up, phloem’s downdownCarrying good food all Carrying good food all around!around!

Vascular PlantsVascular Plants

Vascular plants vary more than Vascular plants vary more than nonvascular plants. nonvascular plants.

They include: tiny duckweed, giant They include: tiny duckweed, giant redwood trees, cacti, and orchids redwood trees, cacti, and orchids

Xylem cells in the trunk of a tree transport water. Phloem cells, just under the bark, transport food. Each year, new layers of xylem and phloem grow.

Seed-Bearing PlantsSeed-Bearing Plants

Have you ever seen a Have you ever seen a pine tree with cones pine tree with cones hanging from its hanging from its branches?branches?

This is a vascular plant This is a vascular plant that grew from a seed. that grew from a seed.

The cones contained The cones contained seeds. seeds.

Seeds enable plants to Seeds enable plants to grow. grow.

Seed plants don’t need Seed plants don’t need water for fertilization. water for fertilization.

Seed-Bearing Seed-Bearing

The seeds of pines are considered The seeds of pines are considered “naked” because they are protected only “naked” because they are protected only by a seed coat. by a seed coat.

This is in contrast to seeds that are This is in contrast to seeds that are protected inside by a fruit. protected inside by a fruit.

A plant that produces names seeds is a A plant that produces names seeds is a gymnosperm. gymnosperm.

What pine cone do you think is male?

HINT: The Male cone forms at the bottom of the tree and is much smaller!

Seed-Bearing PlantsSeed-Bearing Plants Gymnosperms are different Gymnosperms are different

from flowering plants, such from flowering plants, such as the apple tree. as the apple tree.

Apple trees have flowers Apple trees have flowers instead of cones. instead of cones.

Flowers produce seeds Flowers produce seeds inside the fruit. inside the fruit.

A flowering plant, which A flowering plant, which has seeds protected by fruit has seeds protected by fruit is an angiosperm. is an angiosperm.

Seed-Bearing PlantsSeed-Bearing Plants Seed development is more complex in Seed development is more complex in

angiosperms. angiosperms. Their protected seeds have made it Their protected seeds have made it

possible for angiosperms to live in nearly possible for angiosperms to live in nearly all parts of the world. all parts of the world.

What the seeds look like!What the seeds look like!

•A little Justin Bieber to A little Justin Bieber to help you remember!help you remember!

Listen to this song and you will understand Listen to this song and you will understand the differences between: the differences between:

*nonvascular and vascular*nonvascular and vascular

*angiosperm and gymnosperm*angiosperm and gymnosperm