chapter 6 integumentary system. organ two or more types of tissues grouped together that perform a...
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Chapter 6
Integumentary System
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Organ
• Two or more types of tissues grouped together that perform a specialized task.
Integumentary System
• Skin plus accessory structures• Skin is the largest organ in our body
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Functions of skin include• Forms protective coating
• Retards water loss
• Vitamin D synthesis
• Temperature control
• Houses sensory receptors
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3 Layers of Skin• Epidermis
• Dermis
• Hypodermis• Subcutaneous• Not part of skin
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Epidermis
• Outermost layer of skin
• Stratified squamous epithelium
• Outermost layers are keratinized
• No direct blood supply – Receives nutrients by diffusion
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Stratum Corneum• Outermost layer of epidermis• Tightly packed dead cells• Cells are keratinized
• Keratin = water insoluble protein
Stratum Basale• Deepest layer of epidermis• Cells are nourished by dermal blood
vessels• Site of cell growth and division• Stratum Basal contains Melanocytes
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Figure 6.3 Epidermis of thick skin
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Melanocytes
• Secrete melanin – pigment
• Number of melanocytes is similar in all people
• Darker skin from darker and larger melanin granules
• Albinism – mutation resulting in no melanin production
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Figure 6.4a A melanocyte with melanin granules
Figure 6.5 The red eyes and pale skin reflect the lack of melanin in albinism.
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Dermis
• Deeper layer of skin• Dense irregular connective tissue• Contains dermal papillae• Blood vessels and nerves• Hair follicles• Sweat glands and Sebaceous glands
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Figure 6.2 Section of skin
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Sweat Glands
• Secrete sweat onto skin surface• Eccrine glands – respond to elevated
temperatures• Apocrine glands - anxiety, sexual arousal, and
pain
Sebacous glands
• Associated with hair follicles• Secretes Sebum – oil• Keeps hair and skin soft and waterproof
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Figure 6.10 Illustration of sweat glands and sebaceous glands.
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Hypodermis
• Subcutaenous layer – not part of skin• Adipose Tissue, Areolar Tissue, Blood
vessels• Binds skin to underlying organs• Adipose insulates the body
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End of Chapter 6