chapter 6 – effector mechanisms of t cell–mediated immunity lecture 6
TRANSCRIPT
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Title
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Chapter 6 – EffectorMechanisms of T Cell–
Mediated Immunity
Dr. Hafez Sumairi
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Learning outcomes
1.How do effector T lymphocytes locateintracellular microbes at any site in the body?
2.How do effector T cells eradicate infections bythese microbes?
3.What are the roles of macrophages and otherleukocytes in the destruction of infectiouspathogens?
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Types of T cell–mediated immunereactions• CD4+ helper T cells secrete
cytokines that recruit andactivate other leukocytes tophagocytose (ingest) anddestroy microbes.
• CD8+ cytotoxic Tlymphocytes (CTLs) killany infected cell containingmicrobial proteins in thecytosol or nucleus,eliminating cellularreservoirs of infection
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Migration of Tlymphocytes in cell-mediated immunereactions
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Migration of Tlymphocytes in cell-mediated immunereactionsThe migration of naiveand effector T cells arecontrolled by threefamilies of proteins—selectins, integrins, andchemokines
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Effector functions ofCD4+ helper TlymphocytesCD4+ T lymphocytes of the
• TH1 subset enhance the ability ofphagocytes to kill microbes
• TH17 cells promote the recruitment ofleukocytes to the site of infection
• TH2 cells activate eosinophils to killhelminthic parasites
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Bidirectionalinteractions• Effector T lymphocytes of
the TH1 subsetthat recognize macrophage-associated antigens activatethe macrophages by CD40ligand–CD40 interactionsand by secreting thecytokine interferon-γ (IFN-γ)
• Delayed typehypersensitivity (DTH)
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Role of TH2 cells inhost defense• The TH2 subset of CD4+ T
lymphocytes stimulateseosinophil-richinflammation, which isimportant in defense againsthelminthic parasites.
• TH2 cells secrete cytokinesthat inhibit classicalmacrophage activation andstimulate the alternativepathway of macrophageactivation
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Effector functions ofCD8+ cytotoxic Tlymphocytes
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Cooperation betweenCD4+ and CD8+ T cellsin eradication ofintracellular infections
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• Resistance ofpathogenic microbesto cell-mediatedimmunity
• Different microbes have developeddiverse mechanisms to resist Tlymphocyte– mediated host defense
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Thank you