Chapter 6

Development Of International Trade In Services

国际服务贸易的发展

6.1.1 characteristics of internation trade in service development

1.Rapid development of trade in service is promoted by the technology revolution and the high degree of specialization

item

sum ($)

(trillion)

Annual growth rate ( 年增长率 )%

2008 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Goods

Export 131200 13 -4 5 17 21 13 16 15 -9.6

Service

Export 31350 6 0 7 15 19 11 12 18 -1.2

Table 6-1 Comparison table of goods export and service export in world trade

2.Structer of international trade in services further optimized , technology and knowledge intensive tendency more and more obvious.

In 1970

others

transportation

tourism

38.5%

28.2%30.8%

others: include 9 sections ,Communication , building , computer , information , insurance , finance fee for patent or royalty , business services as personal , cultural and leisure services and government services

By the end of 2005

transportation

tourismothers

23.3%

28.9%

47.8%

3.Developed countries playing dominant role and developing countries tending to rise in trade in services ( 发达国家在服务贸易中占有主导地位，发展中国家地位不断上升 )

Table 6-2 Rank of world main trade in services in 2007

Export ( 出口 ) Import ( 进口 )

Ranking Nation Sum Portion Growth rate Ranking Nation Sum Portion Growth r

ate

1 USA 454 13.9 14 1 USA 336 11.0 9

2 GBR 263 8.1 17 2 GER 245 8.0 15

3 GER 197 6.1 18 3 GBR 193 6.3 13

4 JAP 136 4.2 11 4 JAP 157 5.1 9

5 FRC 130 4.0 11 5 CHN 129 4.2 --

6 SPN 127 3.9 21 6 FRC 120 3.9 12

7 CHN 127 3.9 -- 7 ITL 117 3.8 19

8 ITL 109 3.3 12 8 SPN 97 3.2 24

9 HOL 91 2.8 13 9 IRS 93 3.0 18

10 IRS 87 2.7 27 10 HOL 89 2.9 13

(Unit: billion US dollars)

4.Global FDI Focus shifting to services and the expanded scale of trade in services accomplished by commercial presence

Table 6-3 Trade balance of trade in services in some developed countries

国家 2000

年2001 年 2002 年 2003 年 2004 年 2005

年

USA 757 753 671 643 603 646

JAP -474 -434 -417 -395 -398 -293

GER -523 -487 -495 -553 -647 -577

UK 178 198 217 171 345 333

FRC 197 190 177 164 139 108

( 亿美元 )

Information resources : According to the Data of International trade in WTO

Table6-4 Foreign direct investment of some ecnomic entities during 2001-2006.

(Unit :hundred million US dollars)

Region/

Economy

Foreign Direct Investment Inflow( 外国直接投资流入量 )

Foreign Direct Investment Outflow( 外国直接投资流出量 )

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

Developedeconomy 609.0 442.3 361.2 418.9 590.3 857.5 662.2 488.2 504.0 746.0 706.7 1022.7

Europe 392.7 314.6 277.1 209.2 459.0 566.4 454.5 280.0 308.5 394.5 691.2 688.7

EU 381.6 307.3 256.7 204.2 486.4 531.0 435.0 265.7 286.7 359.9 608.8 572.4

Japan 6.2 9.2 6.3 7.8 2.8 -6.5 38.3 32.3 28.8 31.0 45.8 50.3

United States

159.5 74.5 53.1 135.8 101.0 175.4 124.9 134.9 129.4 258.0 -27.7 216.6

Other developed coun

tries50.6 44.0 24.6 66.0 -8.5 122.2 44.5 40.9 37.3 62.6 -2.5 87.1

Developing economy

212.0 166.3 178.7 283.0 314.3 397.1 80.6 47.9 45.4 117.3 115.9 174.4

.

.

.

5.Trade in services globalization , liberalization and trade barriers coexist ( 服务贸易全球化，自由化与贸易壁垒并存 )

On one hand , Globalization , Liberalization of trade in services is a long-term trend . The countries and regions which have strong monopoly competitiveness or relative competitiveness will promote free trade policy.

On the other hand , opening up services markets means a large number of element of cross-border flow . Some sensitiveareas , such as finance , insurance , telecommunications and air transport , are often related to the services trade importing country's sovereignty and security .

So every country is bound to restrict imports on the corresponding service . As the development of countries are in different levels and stages , they do not obtain the same level of profit . To protect domestic vulnerable services sector , they often tend to impose restriction on their own market opening .

Inview of the trade in services in developed countries ( 关于发达国家服务贸易概况 )

一 、美国的服务贸易

20c80s 、 90s , The volume of import and export of trade in services amount to 15% of world volume , and scale trade surplus were expanded quickly . American is the largest country in exporting services , and she is the largest country in trade surplus in services .

（一） overview

1. The total volume in American and trend .

Three characteristics :

(1) Large importer and exporter

(2) Large trade surplus ( 见表 7-4)

(3) Trade in services is increased quickly

年份 进出口总额

出口 进口顺差出口额 增长率

（ % ）进口额 增长率

（ % ）

1996 3890 2381 9.5 1509 6.7 872

1997 4218 2553 7.2 1665 10.3 888

1998 4434 2607 2.1 1827 9.7 780

1999 4609 2696 3.4 1913 4.7 783

2000 5080 2909 7.9 2171 13.5 738.1

2001 4505 2629 5 1876 -3.1 753

单位 ： 亿美元表 7-4

2. The position of trade in services in domestic economy(1)Foreign Trade can promote development of domestic economy(2)Foreign Trade srctor is vulnerable , is easily influenced by interational market , the 波动幅度远远大于 GDP 的增长幅度(3)The Annual growthrate of Trade in services is higherthan the Trade in goods and even more stable (4)From 2000 to 2005 . The trade in goods is dominant in total volume of Forign trade ( 见表 7-5)

年份 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

GDP 增长 3.8 0.3 2.4 2.5 4.4 3.6

对外贸易 货物 服务 货物 服务 货物 服务 货物 服务 货物 服务 货物 服务

进口增长率

13 13.5 -6 -3 -5 8.1 8.5 12.7 16.9 15.5 13.7 12.2

出口增长率

19 4.5 -6 5 2 4.5 4.7 5.3 12.9 13.1 10.5 10.4

表 7-5 美国 2000-2005 年 GDP 与贸易趋势比较 （ % ）

6.2 Development of China’s trade in services

• 6.2.1 China’s trade in services keeps increasing quickly and this increase in 2007 tends to be diversified.

• (1)The revenues and expenditures in freight transport increased quickly and adverse balance of trade decreased.

• (2)Tourism surplus fell.• (3)Trade surplus grew rapidly in

construction industry.

• (4)Expenditure of insurance service increased

• (5)Deficit in finance service halved, amounting to $0.326 billion in 2007.

• (6)The trade surplus in computer and information service increased sharply.

• (7)The deficit in fee for patent or royalty increasingly expanded.

• (8)the proportion of consulting service in general income of trade in services increased from the deficit in 2006 to the surplus in 2007, amounting to $0.724 billion.

6.2.2 Characteristics of China’s trade in services

• (1)Rapid growth of trade in services• (2)Increasing proportion of global trade

in services• (3)Trade exports in services accounting

for relatively low proportion in trade exports

• (4)The development of trade in services falling behind that in goods

• (5)Traditional trade in services as the main body.

• (6)Fast growth of some emerging trade sectors.

• (7)Long deficit in services trade.• (8)The import and export of main

sectors centralizing in developed countries and areas.

• (9)Regional unbalanced development of trade in services.

• (10)The backwardness of trade in services management system.

• (11)Development of trade in services becomes focus of the world.

6.2.3 Basic principles of services trade opening

• (1)Principle of overall planning and gradualness

• (2)Department imbalance• (3)Balanced development among

regions

6.2.4 Factors affecting the current development of trade in

services

• (1)favorable factors• ①The third industry development in

China is relatively backwards.• ②Traditional services industry

development level is relatively low.• ③High value-added industries relatively

have weak competitiveness.• ④The shortage of experts.

• (2)unfavorable factors• ①Our economy develops steadily and

rapidly and lays foundation for services trade development.

• ②Entering WTO provides market competitiveness in services trade.

• ③The policy and law encouraging and promoting trade in services are steadily improved.