chapter 56: conservation biology and global...
TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 56: Conservation Biology and
Global Change
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What you need to know:
The value of biodiversity, and the major human threats to it.
How human activity is changing the earth
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Biodiversity
Conservation biology is a goal-oriented science
that seeks to counter the biodiversity crisis, the
current rapid decrease in Earth’s variety of life.
Extinction is a natural phenomenon that has been
occurring since life evolved on earth.
The current rate of extinction is what underlies the
biodiversity crisis.
A high rate of species extinction is being caused
by humans.
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The three levels of biodiversity:
genetic diversity
species diversity
ecosystem diversity
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The four major threats to biodiversity:
1. Habitat loss
Human alteration of habitat is the single
greatest threat to biodiversity
2. Introduced species: invasive/nonnative/exotic
species
3. Overexploitation: harvest wild plants/animals
4. Global change: alter climate, atmosphere, &
ecological systems reduce Earth’s capacity to
sustain life
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Movement corridors can promote dispersal if habitats are
fragmented
Landscape conservation
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Biodiversity Hot Spots
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Excess nitrogen from agriculture enters aquatic
ecosystems
Algae and bacteria bloom/die reduce oxygen
fish and invertebrates die
Eutrophication
Mississippi basin dead zone (red)
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Acid Precipitation
Rain, snow, or fog with a pH less than 5.6
Caused by burning of wood & fossil fuels
release sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides
React with water in the atmosphere to produce
sulfuric and nitric acids
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The effects of acid precipitation on a forest
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Acid rain damage to statuary, 1908 & 1968
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Toxins become more
concentrated in
successive trophic levels
of a food web
Toxins can’t be broken
down & magnify in
concentration up the food
chain
Problem: mercury in fish
Biological Magnification
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Human activities are depleting the
atmospheric ozone
Life on earth is protected from the damaging affects of
ultraviolet radiation (UV) by a layer of O3,
or ozone.
Chlorine-containing compounds erode the ozone layer
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Greenhouse Effect
Greenhouse Effect: absorption of heat the Earth
experiences due to certain greenhouse gases
CO2 and water vapor absorb infrared radiation
and re-reflect back toward Earth
The Earth needs this heat, but too much could be
disastrous.
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Rising atmospheric CO2
Since the Industrial Revolution, the concentration
of CO2 in the atmosphere has increased greatly
as a result of burning fossil fuels.
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Global Warming
Studies predict a doubling of CO2 in the
atmosphere will cause a 3º C increase in the
average temperature of Earth.
Rising temperatures could cause polar ice cap
melting, which could flood coastal areas.
Approach: stabilize use of fossil fuels and reduce
deforestation