Chapter 5.1:1-4Gail FernandesMaria ValdezGuadalupe Rangel

Review From Last Time Biosphere: region that encompasses all

living organisms Aka ecosphere

Lithosphere: outer region of Earth Troposphere: lower region of

atmosphere Hydrosphere: regions of water

Ecology: study of the interactions between biotic and abiotic regions

Biotic Region Biosphere Living parts of the

Earth

Abiotic Region Atmosphere Lithosphere Hydrosphere Non-living parts of

the Earth

Levels of the Biosphere

Biodiversity: the measure the variety of living organisms that inhabit an environment

Types of Cells in Organisms

Eukaryote Prokaryote

Autotrophs vs. Heterotrophs

Populations and Communities Habitat: place/environment where populations live Limiting Factors: factors that most affect the success of

populations Ex: amount of sunlight/rainfall/nutrients

Range of tolerance: the amount of tolerance an environment has to deal with limiting factors Tolerance Limits: the max and min requirements that a

population can survive Optimum range: range of an abiotic factor that results in largest

population of species Indicator species: species whose presence or absence is strict

indicator of conditions of environment Keystone species: species whose presence may significantly

affect the community make up

Ecosystem: community of living organisms interacting with each other and the environment

Decomposers can be replaced by detritivores or scavengers.Biomass: amount of organic material in food web

10% efficiency at every level

Ecological Succession: after a catastrophic event, an ecosystem has to rebuild itself

Primary Succession Development of the first

biota where no life is found

Pioneer Species: can survive at beginning Ex: Lichen, mosses

Climax community: max biota that ecosystem can support is reached

Secondary Succession Existing ecosystem’s

community of species is removed by fire or deforestation, leaving only soil

Stages Early Plant/Animal Mid-Species Late Successional

QUIZ TIME! 1) What are the levels of the biosphere (in order)?

Organism, Population, Community, Ecosystem, Biome, Biosphere

2) What is the main difference between eukaryotic and a prokaryotic cell? Eukaryotic has a nucleus to contain DNA, while prokaryotic

does not 3) What is optimum range and how does it relate to

communities? It is the range of an abiotic factor that results in largest

population of species. Every population in a community has a range of tolerance limits. This means that the optimum range cannot be exceeded and the community will survive.