chapter 5 weather
DESCRIPTION
Chapter 5 Weather. Solar Radiation. Temperature Changes with Latitude. Like at poles. Like equator. Seasonal Changes. Temperature Changes with Season. Carbon dioxide Argon Water vapor Pollutants Helium Etc. 1%. The Atmosphere. Nitrogen 78% Oxygen 21% CO 2 .038% . - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Chapter 5 Weather
Solar Radiation
• Temperature Changes with Latitude
Like equator Like at poles
Seasonal Changes• Temperature Changes with Season
The Atmosphere• Nitrogen 78%• Oxygen 21%• CO2 .038%
Carbon dioxideArgonWater vaporPollutantsHeliumEtc.
1%
The Atmosphere
Atmospheric Circulation
• Atmospheric Circulation
Circulation spawned by heating / cooling
Prevailing winds:
Generated by pressure differences and Coriolis effect
Coriolis Effect
Southern Hemisphere
Coriolis Effect
• Size of deflection is directly related to both the speed at which the air is moving and its latitude.
• The Coriolis force is zero right at the equator.
• The Coriolis force only acts on large objects like air masses moving considerable distances. Small objects, for example ships at sea, are too small to experience significant deflections.
Gaspard de Coriolis (1792-1843)
Trade Winds
Horse Latitudes
30 degrees north(Horse latitudes)
&30 degrees south(Horse Latitudes)
&Equator(Doldrums)
Fronts
1. A front is defined by temperature, relative humidity, and air pressure:1. Temperature = the kinetic energy of a substance2. Relative Humidity = is a function of temperature and water content3. Air pressure = the weight of the atmosphere
Warm Fronts1. Retreating Cold fronts under advancing warm fronts are drawn out in a triangular fashion due to friction with the ground causing a triangular shape to the advancing warm front. 2. Warm fronts move towards the northeast3. Warm fronts usually travel at about 15mph
Cold Fronts1. Cold fronts become rounded due to friction with the ground as they advance on warm fronts.2. Cold fronts tend to move towards the east or southeast3. Cold fronts usually advance at speeds of 20mph4. Cold fronts may produce violent weather depending on their speed and air stability. 5. Faster moving cold fronts produce “squall Lines” Where high upper level winds stop a warm front from lifting up but whip up warm air ahead of the storm producing violent weather.
Fronts
Pressure Systems (in the north)1. Low Pressure systems rotate counter clockwise2. High pressure systems rotate clockwise
Jet Streams1. Tend to follow the borders between warm and cold air2. In the summer they are located further north and in the winter further south3. Jet streams blow west to east in the northern and southern hemispheres4. How are airline flights impacted by jet streams (speed and turbulence)
Wind Shear1. Is any sudden change in wind speed or direction causing, turbulence.
Air Movement
The Global Ocean• Patterns of Circulation in the Ocean
Influenced by:1. Coriolis Effect 2. Winds3. Land Masses 4. Water Density
The Global Ocean• Patterns of Circulation in the Ocean
The Global Ocean
• Vertical Mixing of Ocean Water