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Chapter 5 Vocabulary 1. Fluid – a form of matter that flows when any force
is applied - liquids and gases
2. Liquid – a phase of matter with medium energy
that • can flow • Changes shape • Has CONSTANT volume
3. Gas – a phase of matter with high energy that
• Can flow • Has any volume • NO shape
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4. Solid – a phase of matter with low energy that • CANNOT flow • Has DEFINITE volume • Has DEFINITE shape
5. Pressure – a force that acts on all areas of a fluid
within a fluid 6. Intermolecular Forces – the forces between atoms
that can be attractive or repulsive
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7. Evaporation – a phase change from liquid to gas at a temperature below boiling point
8. Condensation – a phase change from a gas to a
liquid 9. Convection – the transfer of heat through the
motion of fluids
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Properties of Solids 10. Strength – a solid’s ability to maintain shape
under the application of force
11. Elasticity – a solid’s ability to be stretched and compressed, then return to original size
12. Brittleness – a solid’s tendency to crack or break
easily
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13. Ductility – a solid’s ability to bend without breaking
14. Thermal Conduction – a solid’s ability to transfer
heat by direct contact 15. Thermal Insulation – a solid’s ability to prevent
heat from moving
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Chapter 5 Concepts A. Types of Solids
• Crystalline (crystal-like) - solids that have an orderly, repeating pattern of molecules or atoms ex. Salt and quartz crystals
NaCl – Table Salt
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• Polymers - solid materials that are made of long chains of individual molecules stacked in a repeating pattern
ex. Proteins, DNA, rubber
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• Amorphous (without shape or pattern) - solids made of molecules with no repeating pattern or units
ex. Glass
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B. Atoms in phases of matter
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C. Intermolecular forces and thermal energy • Intermolecular forces (IMF) are present inside a
molecule because it’s made of more than one atom
• IMF is what keeps the atoms in molecules stuck together
• HIGH THERMAL ENERGY = low IMF • When heat is present, IMF become weak • Solids à liquids • Liquids à gases
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• Low Thermal Energy = High IMF • When heat is decreased, IMF strengthens • Gases à liquids • Liquids à solids
D. Phase Diagrams
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Heating Phase Diagram
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Cooling Phase Diagram