chapter 5 tissues

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Chapter 5Chapter 5TissuesTissues


Principal Types of Tissue (Table 5-1)Principal Types of Tissue (Table 5-1)

• Epithelial tissue – covering and lining Epithelial tissue – covering and lining

• Connective tissue – specialized to support the body Connective tissue – specialized to support the body and its parts, connect and hold them together, and its parts, connect and hold them together, transport substances through the body, and protect it transport substances through the body, and protect it from foreign invadersfrom foreign invaders

• Muscle tissue – produces movement, has cells that Muscle tissue – produces movement, has cells that are specialized to contract are specialized to contract

• Nervous tissue – Nervous tissue – conductive tissue that conductive tissue that communicates between various parts of the body communicates between various parts of the body


Extracellular Matrix (ECM)Extracellular Matrix (ECM)

• Complex, nonliving material between cells in Complex, nonliving material between cells in a tissue (Figure 5-1)a tissue (Figure 5-1)

Some tissues have a large amount of ECM; other Some tissues have a large amount of ECM; other tissues have hardly any ECMtissues have hardly any ECM

Different kinds of components give ECM in Different kinds of components give ECM in different tissues a variety of characteristicsdifferent tissues a variety of characteristics



• Components (Table 5-2)Components (Table 5-2) WaterWater Proteins Proteins

• Structural proteinsStructural proteins Collagen—strong, flexible protein fiberCollagen—strong, flexible protein fiber Elastin—elastic fibersElastin—elastic fibers

• Glycoproteins (Fibronectin & Laminin) - proteins with a Glycoproteins (Fibronectin & Laminin) - proteins with a few carbohydrate attachmentsfew carbohydrate attachments

ProteoglycansProteoglycans

• Hybrid molecules that are mostly carbohydrates attached Hybrid molecules that are mostly carbohydrates attached to a protein backboneto a protein backbone



• FunctionsFunctions

Helps bind tissues together structurallyHelps bind tissues together structurally

• ECM components bind to each other and to integrins in ECM components bind to each other and to integrins in plasma membranes of cellsplasma membranes of cells

• In some tissues, it is primarily intercellular junctions that In some tissues, it is primarily intercellular junctions that hold cells togetherhold cells together

Allows local communication among ECM and Allows local communication among ECM and various cells—through connection via integrins various cells—through connection via integrins in plasma membranesin plasma membranes


Epithelial TissueEpithelial Tissue

• Types and locationsTypes and locations Epithelium is divided into two types:Epithelium is divided into two types:

• Membranous (covering or lining) epitheliumMembranous (covering or lining) epithelium

• Glandular epitheliumGlandular epithelium

LocationsLocations

• Membranous epithelium—covers the body and some of Membranous epithelium—covers the body and some of its parts; lines the serous cavities, blood and lymphatic its parts; lines the serous cavities, blood and lymphatic vessels, and respiratory, digestive, and genitourinary vessels, and respiratory, digestive, and genitourinary tractstracts

• Glandular epithelium—secretory units of endocrine and Glandular epithelium—secretory units of endocrine and exocrine glandsexocrine glands




Protection – tough and impermeable, protects the body from Protection – tough and impermeable, protects the body from mechanical and chemical injury and invading bacteria and mechanical and chemical injury and invading bacteria and other disease causing microorganismsother disease causing microorganisms

Sensory functions – structures that are specialized for Sensory functions – structures that are specialized for sensation found around the skin, nose, eye and earsensation found around the skin, nose, eye and ear

Secretion – secretion products include: hormones, mucus, Secretion – secretion products include: hormones, mucus, digestive juices, and sweat digestive juices, and sweat

Absorption – lining of the gut and exchange of gases in the Absorption – lining of the gut and exchange of gases in the lungslungs

Excretion – tubules in the kidneysExcretion – tubules in the kidneys



• Generalizations about epithelial tissueGeneralizations about epithelial tissue Limited intercellular matrixLimited intercellular matrix

Basement membrane attaches epithelial tissue to Basement membrane attaches epithelial tissue to an underlying connective tissue layeran underlying connective tissue layer

AvascularAvascular

Cells are in close proximity, with many Cells are in close proximity, with many desmosomes and tight junctionsdesmosomes and tight junctions

Capable of reproducing itself, highly mitoticCapable of reproducing itself, highly mitotic



• Membranous (covering or lining) epithelium Membranous (covering or lining) epithelium (Table 5-3)(Table 5-3)

Classification based on cell shape Classification based on cell shape SquamousSquamous

CuboidalCuboidal

ColumnarColumnar

Pseudostratified columnarPseudostratified columnar



• Classification of epithelial tissue based on layersClassification of epithelial tissue based on layers

Classifications based on layers of cells Classifications based on layers of cells

• SimpleSimple

• StratifiedStratified

• TransitionalTransitional



• Simple epitheliumSimple epithelium Simple squamous epithelium (Figures 5-4 and 5-5) Simple squamous epithelium (Figures 5-4 and 5-5)

– One-cell layer of flat cellsOne-cell layer of flat cells

– Permeable to many substancesPermeable to many substances

– Examples: O2 & CO2 exchange in the lungs, movement of Examples: O2 & CO2 exchange in the lungs, movement of fluid and dissolved substances between the blood and fluid and dissolved substances between the blood and across blood vessels by osmosis and filtration in the kidneysacross blood vessels by osmosis and filtration in the kidneys

Simple cuboidal epithelium (Figure 5-6)Simple cuboidal epithelium (Figure 5-6)

– One-cell layer of cuboidal cellsOne-cell layer of cuboidal cells

– Found in many glands and ductsFound in many glands and ducts

– Examples: secretion of substances such as tears and Examples: secretion of substances such as tears and saliva, and in absorption, such as re-absorption of water by saliva, and in absorption, such as re-absorption of water by kidney cellskidney cells


Epithelial TissueEpithelial Tissue• Simple epithelium (cont.)Simple epithelium (cont.)

Simple columnar epithelium (Figure 5-7)Simple columnar epithelium (Figure 5-7)

– Single layer of tall, column-shaped cellsSingle layer of tall, column-shaped cells

– Often lines hollow visceral structuresOften lines hollow visceral structures

– Nonciliated simple columnar epithelium – microvilli and goblet cells. Nonciliated simple columnar epithelium – microvilli and goblet cells. Microvilli – finger like projections that increase surface area. Goblet Cells – Microvilli – finger like projections that increase surface area. Goblet Cells – secrete mucous. Line the G.I., Respiratory, Reproductive, and Urinary secrete mucous. Line the G.I., Respiratory, Reproductive, and Urinary Tracts.Tracts.

– Ciliated simple columnar epithelium – cilia, line the upper respiratory tract, Ciliated simple columnar epithelium – cilia, line the upper respiratory tract, move particles towards the throat. Line the fallopian tubes.move particles towards the throat. Line the fallopian tubes.

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium (Figure 5-8)Pseudostratified columnar epithelium (Figure 5-8)

– Columnar cells of differing heightsColumnar cells of differing heights

– Give the impression of a multi-layered tissue, this is why they are given the Give the impression of a multi-layered tissue, this is why they are given the namename

– Found lining air passages of upper respiratory and segments of male Found lining air passages of upper respiratory and segments of male reproductive systemreproductive system

– Can have cilia or can have noneCan have cilia or can have none

– There function is secretion and movement of mucous by ciliary actionThere function is secretion and movement of mucous by ciliary action



• Stratified epitheliumStratified epithelium

Stratified squamous (keratinized) epitheliumStratified squamous (keratinized) epithelium

– Multiple layers of flat, squamous cells (Figure 5-9)Multiple layers of flat, squamous cells (Figure 5-9)

– Cells filled with keratinCells filled with keratin

– Covers outer skin on body surfaceCovers outer skin on body surface

Stratified squamous (nonkeratinized) epithelium Stratified squamous (nonkeratinized) epithelium (Figure 5-10)(Figure 5-10)

– Lines vagina, cervix, mouth, and esophagusLines vagina, cervix, mouth, and esophagus

– Free surface is moistFree surface is moist

– Primary function is protectionPrimary function is protection

– Pap smearPap smear



• Stratified epithelium (cont.)Stratified epithelium (cont.)

Stratified cuboidal epitheliumStratified cuboidal epithelium

– Two or more rows of cells are typicalTwo or more rows of cells are typical

– Located in sweat gland ducts and pharynxLocated in sweat gland ducts and pharynx

Stratified columnar epitheliumStratified columnar epithelium

– Multiple layers of columnar cellsMultiple layers of columnar cells

– Only most superficial cells are typical in shapeOnly most superficial cells are typical in shape

– RareRare

– Located in segments of male urethra and near anusLocated in segments of male urethra and near anus



• Stratified epithelium (cont.)Stratified epithelium (cont.)

Stratified transitional epithelium (Figure 5-Stratified transitional epithelium (Figure 5-11)11)

– Located in lining of hollow viscera subjected to Located in lining of hollow viscera subjected to stress stress (e.g., urinary bladder)(e.g., urinary bladder)

– Often 10 or more layers thickOften 10 or more layers thick

– Protects organ walls from tearingProtects organ walls from tearing



• Glandular epitheliumGlandular epithelium Specialized for secretory activitySpecialized for secretory activity

Exocrine glands—discharge secretions into ducts that Exocrine glands—discharge secretions into ducts that empty at the surface of covering and lining epithelium or empty at the surface of covering and lining epithelium or directly onto a free surface.directly onto a free surface.

• secretions include mucus, perspiration, oil, wax, and digestive secretions include mucus, perspiration, oil, wax, and digestive enzymes, and salivary glands.enzymes, and salivary glands.

Endocrine glands—“ductless” glands; discharge Endocrine glands—“ductless” glands; discharge secretions directly into the blood or interstitial fluid. The secretions directly into the blood or interstitial fluid. The thyroid and pituitary glands are examples.thyroid and pituitary glands are examples.


Connective TissueConnective Tissue


Connect – connects tissues and muscles to each Connect – connects tissues and muscles to each other, muscles to bones, and bones to bonesother, muscles to bones, and bones to bones

Supports – forms a supporting framework for the Supports – forms a supporting framework for the body and its organsbody and its organs

Transports – bloods components to cells in the Transports – bloods components to cells in the bodybody

Defends – fend off foreign invaders and other Defends – fend off foreign invaders and other microrganisms microrganisms



• Cells of CTCells of CT

Fibroblasts - secrete a gel-like substance that forms the ground Fibroblasts - secrete a gel-like substance that forms the ground substance and fibers of the matrix. They are present in all substance and fibers of the matrix. They are present in all connective tissue.connective tissue.

Macrophages - engulf bacteria by phagocytosisMacrophages - engulf bacteria by phagocytosis

Plasma Cells - secrete antibodies, which are proteins that attack Plasma Cells - secrete antibodies, which are proteins that attack or neutralize foreign substances in the body.or neutralize foreign substances in the body.

Mast Cells - secrete heparin, prostaglandins, and histamine Mast Cells - secrete heparin, prostaglandins, and histamine (chemical that dilates small blood vessels during inflammation or (chemical that dilates small blood vessels during inflammation or injury).injury).

Adipocytes – store fatAdipocytes – store fat

Leukocytes (white blood cells) – not found in significant numbers Leukocytes (white blood cells) – not found in significant numbers in tissue, but can migrate from the blood to the tissue. in tissue, but can migrate from the blood to the tissue.



• Four main types (Table 5-6):Four main types (Table 5-6):

FibrousFibrous

• Loose, ordinary Loose, ordinary (areolar)(areolar)

• AdiposeAdipose

• ReticularReticular

• DenseDense

IrregularIrregular

Regular Regular (collagenous and elastic)(collagenous and elastic)

BoneBone• Compact boneCompact bone

• Cancellous boneCancellous bone

CartilageCartilage• HyalineHyaline

• FibrocartilageFibrocartilage

• ElasticElastic

BloodBlood



• Fibrous connective tissueFibrous connective tissue Loose, ordinary (areolar) connective tissue Loose, ordinary (areolar) connective tissue

(Figure 5-15)(Figure 5-15)

• One of the most widely distributed of all tissuesOne of the most widely distributed of all tissues

• Intercellular substance is prominent and consists of Intercellular substance is prominent and consists of collagenous and elastic fibers loosely interwoven and collagenous and elastic fibers loosely interwoven and embedded in a soft, viscous ground substanceembedded in a soft, viscous ground substance

• Several kinds of cells present: notably, fibroblasts and Several kinds of cells present: notably, fibroblasts and macrophages; also mast cells, plasma cells, fat cells, macrophages; also mast cells, plasma cells, fat cells, and some white blood cells (Figure 5-16)and some white blood cells (Figure 5-16)

• Function—stretchy, flexible connectionFunction—stretchy, flexible connection



• Adipose tissue (Figures 5-17 and 5-18)Adipose tissue (Figures 5-17 and 5-18) Similar to loose connective tissue but contains mainly fat cells Similar to loose connective tissue but contains mainly fat cells

(adipocytes)(adipocytes)

Functions—protection, insulation, support, and food reserveFunctions—protection, insulation, support, and food reserve

• Reticular tissue (Figure 5-19)Reticular tissue (Figure 5-19) Forms framework of spleen, lymph nodes, and bone marrowForms framework of spleen, lymph nodes, and bone marrow

Consists of network of branching reticular fibers with reticular Consists of network of branching reticular fibers with reticular cells overlying themcells overlying them

Functions—defense against microorganisms and other injurious Functions—defense against microorganisms and other injurious substances; reticular meshwork filters out injurious particles, and substances; reticular meshwork filters out injurious particles, and reticular cells phagocytose themreticular cells phagocytose them


InflammationInflammation

• Inflammatory Response – p. 167Inflammatory Response – p. 167


Connective TissueConnective Tissue Dense fibrous tissueDense fibrous tissue

• Matrix consists mainly of fibers packed densely and Matrix consists mainly of fibers packed densely and relatively few fibroblast cellsrelatively few fibroblast cells

Irregular—fibers intertwine irregularly to form a thick mat, found in Irregular—fibers intertwine irregularly to form a thick mat, found in areas of the body where tensions are exerted in various directions areas of the body where tensions are exerted in various directions

– Dermis, heart valves, periosteumDermis, heart valves, periosteum

Regular—bundles of fibers are arranged in regular, parallel rowsRegular—bundles of fibers are arranged in regular, parallel rows

– Tendons and ligamentsTendons and ligaments

Elastic—mostly elastic fibers in ECM (Figure 5-23), Elastic—mostly elastic fibers in ECM (Figure 5-23), provides stretch and strength provides stretch and strength

– Lungs and arteriesLungs and arteries

• Locations—composes structures that need great tensile Locations—composes structures that need great tensile strength, such as tendons and ligaments; also dermis strength, such as tendons and ligaments; also dermis and outer capsule of kidney and spleenand outer capsule of kidney and spleen

• Function—furnishes flexible connections that are strong Function—furnishes flexible connections that are strong or stretchyor stretchy



• Bone tissueBone tissue Highly specialized connective tissue type Highly specialized connective tissue type

• Cells—osteocytes—embedded in a calcified matrixCells—osteocytes—embedded in a calcified matrix

• Inorganic component of matrix accounts for 65% Inorganic component of matrix accounts for 65% of total bone tissueof total bone tissue

Functions:Functions:

• SupportSupport

• ProtectionProtection

• Point of attachment for musclesPoint of attachment for muscles

• Reservoir for mineralsReservoir for minerals

• Supports blood-forming tissueSupports blood-forming tissue



• Compact bone (Figures 5-25 and 5-26)Compact bone (Figures 5-25 and 5-26) Osteon (Haversian system)Osteon (Haversian system)

• Structural unit of boneStructural unit of bone

• Spaces for osteocytes called lacunaeSpaces for osteocytes called lacunae

• Matrix present in concentric rings called lamellaeMatrix present in concentric rings called lamellae

• Canaliculi are canals that join lacunae with the central Haversian canalCanaliculi are canals that join lacunae with the central Haversian canal

Cell types:Cell types:• Osteocyte—mature, inactive bone cellOsteocyte—mature, inactive bone cell

• Osteoblast—active, bone-forming cellOsteoblast—active, bone-forming cell

• Osteoclast—bone-destroying cellOsteoclast—bone-destroying cell

Formation (ossification) (Figure 5-24)Formation (ossification) (Figure 5-24)• In membranes—e.g., flat bones of skullIn membranes—e.g., flat bones of skull

• From cartilage (endochondral)—e.g., long bones, such as the humerusFrom cartilage (endochondral)—e.g., long bones, such as the humerus



• Cancellous bone (Figures 5- 25 and 5-27)Cancellous bone (Figures 5- 25 and 5-27)

Trabeculae—thin beams of boneTrabeculae—thin beams of bone

Supports red bone marrow Supports red bone marrow

• Myeloid tissue—a type of reticular tissueMyeloid tissue—a type of reticular tissue

• Produces blood cellsProduces blood cells

Called spongy bone because of its spongelike appearanceCalled spongy bone because of its spongelike appearance



• CartilageCartilage

Chondrocyte is the only cell type presentChondrocyte is the only cell type present

Lacunae house cells, as in boneLacunae house cells, as in bone

Avascular—therefore, nutrition of cells depends on diffusion Avascular—therefore, nutrition of cells depends on diffusion of nutrients through matrixof nutrients through matrix

Heals slowly after injury because of slow nutrient transfer to Heals slowly after injury because of slow nutrient transfer to the cellsthe cells


Connective TissueConnective Tissue• TypesTypes

Hyaline (Figure 5-28)Hyaline (Figure 5-28)• Appearance is shiny and translucentAppearance is shiny and translucent

• Most prevalent type of cartilageMost prevalent type of cartilage

• Located on the ends of articulating bonesLocated on the ends of articulating bones

Fibrocartilage (Figure 5-29)Fibrocartilage (Figure 5-29)• Strongest and most durable type of cartilageStrongest and most durable type of cartilage

• Matrix is semirigid and filled with strong, white fibersMatrix is semirigid and filled with strong, white fibers

• Found in intervertebral disks and pubic symphysisFound in intervertebral disks and pubic symphysis

• Serves as shock-absorbing material between bones at the knee (menisci)Serves as shock-absorbing material between bones at the knee (menisci)

Elastic (Figure 5-30)Elastic (Figure 5-30)• Contains many fine, elastic fibersContains many fine, elastic fibers

• Provides strength and flexibilityProvides strength and flexibility

• Located in external ear and larynxLocated in external ear and larynx



• BloodBlood A liquid tissue (Figure 5-31)A liquid tissue (Figure 5-31)

Contains neither ground substance nor fibersContains neither ground substance nor fibers

Composition of whole bloodComposition of whole blood

• Liquid fraction (plasma) is the matrix—55% of total blood Liquid fraction (plasma) is the matrix—55% of total blood volumevolume

• Formed elements contribute 45% of total blood volumeFormed elements contribute 45% of total blood volume Red blood cells, erythrocytesRed blood cells, erythrocytes

White blood cells, leukocytesWhite blood cells, leukocytes

Platelets, thrombocytesPlatelets, thrombocytes



• Blood (cont.)Blood (cont.)

FunctionsFunctions

• TransportationTransportation

• Regulation of body temperatureRegulation of body temperature

• Regulation of body pHRegulation of body pH

• White blood cells destroy bacteriaWhite blood cells destroy bacteria

Circulating blood tissue is formed in the red bone marrow by Circulating blood tissue is formed in the red bone marrow by a process called hematopoiesis; the blood-forming tissue is a process called hematopoiesis; the blood-forming tissue is sometimes called hematopoietic tissuesometimes called hematopoietic tissue


Muscle TissueMuscle Tissue

• Types (Table 5-7)Types (Table 5-7) Skeletal, or striated voluntary (Figure 5-32)Skeletal, or striated voluntary (Figure 5-32) Smooth, or nonstriated involuntary, or visceral Smooth, or nonstriated involuntary, or visceral

(Figures 5-33 and 5-34)(Figures 5-33 and 5-34) Cardiac, or striated involuntary (Figure 5-35)Cardiac, or striated involuntary (Figure 5-35)

• Microscopic characteristicsMicroscopic characteristics Skeletal muscle—threadlike cells with many cross Skeletal muscle—threadlike cells with many cross

striations and many nuclei per cellstriations and many nuclei per cell Smooth muscle—elongated, narrow cells, no cross Smooth muscle—elongated, narrow cells, no cross

striations, one nucleus per cellstriations, one nucleus per cell Cardiac muscle—branching cells with intercalated disks Cardiac muscle—branching cells with intercalated disks

(formed by abutment of plasma membranes (formed by abutment of plasma membranes of two cells)of two cells)


Nervous TissueNervous Tissue

• Functions—rapid regulation and integration Functions—rapid regulation and integration of body activitiesof body activities

• Specialized characteristicsSpecialized characteristics ExcitabilityExcitability ConductivityConductivity

• OrgansOrgans BrainBrain Spinal cordSpinal cord NervesNerves


Nervous TissueNervous Tissue

• Cell types (Table 5-7)Cell types (Table 5-7)

Neuron—conducting unit of system (Figure 5-36)Neuron—conducting unit of system (Figure 5-36)

• Cell body, or somaCell body, or soma

• ProcessesProcesses

Axon (single process)—transmits nerve impulse away from the Axon (single process)—transmits nerve impulse away from the cell bodycell body

Dendrites (one or more)—transmit nerve impulse toward the cell Dendrites (one or more)—transmit nerve impulse toward the cell body and axonbody and axon

Neuroglia—special connecting, supporting, coordinating Neuroglia—special connecting, supporting, coordinating cells that surround the neuronscells that surround the neurons


Tissue RepairTissue Repair

• Tissues have a varying capacity to repair Tissues have a varying capacity to repair themselves; damaged tissue regenerates themselves; damaged tissue regenerates or is replaced by scar tissueor is replaced by scar tissue

• Regeneration—growth of new tissue Regeneration—growth of new tissue (Figure 5-37)(Figure 5-37)

• Scar—dense fibrous mass; unusually thick scar Scar—dense fibrous mass; unusually thick scar is a keloid (Figure 5-38)is a keloid (Figure 5-38)

• Epithelial and connective tissues have the Epithelial and connective tissues have the greatest ability to regenerategreatest ability to regenerate

• Muscle and nervous tissues have a limited Muscle and nervous tissues have a limited capacity to regeneratecapacity to regenerate


Body MembranesBody Membranes• Membranes are thin tissue layers that cover surfaces, Membranes are thin tissue layers that cover surfaces,

line cavities, and divide spaces or organs (Figure 5-line cavities, and divide spaces or organs (Figure 5-39, Table 5-8)39, Table 5-8)

• Epithelial membranes are the most common type Epithelial membranes are the most common type (Figure 5-40)(Figure 5-40) Cutaneous membrane (skin)Cutaneous membrane (skin)

• Primary organ of integumentary systemPrimary organ of integumentary system

• One of the most important organsOne of the most important organs

• Composes approximately 16% of body weightComposes approximately 16% of body weight

Serous membrane (serosa)Serous membrane (serosa)• Parietal membranes—line closed body cavitiesParietal membranes—line closed body cavities

• Visceral membranes—cover visceral organsVisceral membranes—cover visceral organs

• Pleura—surrounds a lung and lines the thoracic cavityPleura—surrounds a lung and lines the thoracic cavity

• Peritoneum—covers the abdominal viscera and lines the Peritoneum—covers the abdominal viscera and lines the abdominal cavityabdominal cavity


Body MembranesBody Membranes

• Mucous membrane (mucosa)Mucous membrane (mucosa) Lines and protects organs that open to the exterior of the bodyLines and protects organs that open to the exterior of the body Found lining ducts and passageways of respiratory, digestive, other tractsFound lining ducts and passageways of respiratory, digestive, other tracts Lamina propria—fibrous connective tissue underlying mucous epitheliumLamina propria—fibrous connective tissue underlying mucous epithelium Mucus is made up mostly of water and mucins—proteoglycans that form a Mucus is made up mostly of water and mucins—proteoglycans that form a

double-layer protection against environmental microbes (Figure 5-41)double-layer protection against environmental microbes (Figure 5-41)

Connective tissue membranesConnective tissue membranes

• Do not contain epithelial componentsDo not contain epithelial components

• Synovial membranes—line the spaces between bone in jointsSynovial membranes—line the spaces between bone in joints

• Have smooth and slick membranes that secrete synovial fluidHave smooth and slick membranes that secrete synovial fluid

• Help reduce friction between opposing surfaces in a moveable jointHelp reduce friction between opposing surfaces in a moveable joint

• Synovial membranes also line bursaeSynovial membranes also line bursae


The Big Picture: The Big Picture: Tissues, Membranes, and the Whole BodyTissues, Membranes, and the Whole Body

• Tissues and membranes maintain homeostasisTissues and membranes maintain homeostasis Epithelial tissuesEpithelial tissues

• Form membranes that contain and protect the internal Form membranes that contain and protect the internal fluid environmentfluid environment

• Absorb nutrientsAbsorb nutrients

• Secrete products that regulate functions involved Secrete products that regulate functions involved in homeostasisin homeostasis

Connective tissuesConnective tissues• Hold organs and systems togetherHold organs and systems together

• Form structures that support the body and permit Form structures that support the body and permit movementmovement


The Big Picture: The Big Picture: Tissues, Membranes, and the Whole BodyTissues, Membranes, and the Whole Body

• Tissues and membranes maintain Tissues and membranes maintain homeostasis (cont.)homeostasis (cont.) Muscle tissuesMuscle tissues

• Work with connective tissues to permit movementWork with connective tissues to permit movement

Nervous tissuesNervous tissues

• Work with glandular epithelial tissue to regulate Work with glandular epithelial tissue to regulate body functionbody function


Health Matters & Sports & FitnessHealth Matters & Sports & Fitness

• Health MattersHealth Matters

Hay Fever & Asthma – p. 165Hay Fever & Asthma – p. 165

• Sports & FitnessSports & Fitness

Tissues & Fitness – p. 166Tissues & Fitness – p. 166


Mechanisms of DiseaseMechanisms of Disease

• Neoplasms – p. 183Neoplasms – p. 183

• Causes of Cancer – p. 184Causes of Cancer – p. 184

• Detection – p. 185Detection – p. 185

• Treatment – p. 185Treatment – p. 185


Questions?Questions?

chapter 5 tissues

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