chapter 5 sensation and perception -...

Chapter 5

Sensation and Perception

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5.1 Sensation versus Perception

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LINK TO LEARNING


http://openstaxcollege.org/l/blindness

http://openstaxcollege.org/l/blindness

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5.2 Waves and Wavelengths

Learning Objectives

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AMPLITUDE AND WAVELENGTH4TL MEVPF@>I @E>O>@QBOFPQF@P LC > T>SB >OB >JMIFQRAB >KA T>SBIBKDQE Figure 5.4� 4EB amplitude LC >T>SB FP QEB EBFDEQ LC > T>SB >P JB>PROBA COLJ QEB EFDEBPQ MLFKQ LK QEB T>SB peak LO crest QL QEB ILTBPQMLFKQ�LK�QEB�T>SB�trough� Wavelength OBCBOP�QL�QEB�IBKDQE�LC�>�T>SB�COLJ�LKB�MB>H�QL�QEB�KBUQ�

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LINK TO LEARNING



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5.3 Vision

Learning Objectives

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LINK TO LEARNING


http://openstaxcollege.org/l/soundwaves

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LINK TO LEARNING



http://openstaxcollege.org/l/colorvision

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DIG DEEPER


5.4 Hearing

Learning Objectives

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LINK TO LEARNING

WHAT DO YOU THINK?


http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AqXBrKwB96E

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LINK TO LEARNING


http://openstaxcollege.org/l/congenital

5.6 Gestalt Principles of Perception

Learning Objectives

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Figure 5.26 'LLA�@LKQFKR>QFLK�TLRIA�PRDDBPQ�QE>Q�TB�>OB�JLOB�IFHBIV�QL�MBO@BFSB�QEFP�>P�QTL�LSBOI>MMFKD�IFKBP�O>QEBO�QE>K�CLRO�IFKBP�JBBQFKD�FK�QEB�@BKQBO�

Figure 5.27 #ILPROB�PRDDBPQP�QE>Q�TB�TFII�MBO@BFSB�>�@LJMIBQB�@FO@IB�>KA�OB@Q>KDIB�O>QEBO�QE>K�>�PBOFBP�LCPBDJBKQP�

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LINK TO LEARNING



http://openstaxcollege.org/l/gestalt

The Depths of Perception: Bias, Prejudice, and Cultural Factors

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DIG DEEPER


absolute threshold

afterimage

amplitude

basilar membrane

binaural cue

binocular cue

binocular disparity

blind spot

bottom-up processing

closure

cochlea

cochlear implant

conductive hearing loss

cone

congenital deafness

congenital insensitivity to pain (congenital analgesia)

cornea

deafness

decibel (dB)

depth perception

electromagnetic spectrum

figure-ground relationship

fovea

frequency

Gestalt psychology

Key Terms

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PIFDEQIV�AFCCBOBKQ�SFBT�LC�QEB�TLOIA�QE>Q�B>@E�BVB�OB@BFSBP

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good continuation

hair cell

hertz (Hz)

inattentional blindness

incus

inflammatory pain

interaural level difference

interaural timing difference

iris

just noticeable difference

kinesthesia

lens

linear perspective

malleus

Meissner’s corpuscle

Merkel’s disk

monaural cue

monocular cue

Ménière's disease

neuropathic pain

nociception

olfactory bulb

olfactory receptor

opponent-process theory of color perception

optic chiasm

optic nerve

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@>OOFBP�SFPR>I�FKCLOJ>QFLK�COLJ�QEB�OBQFK>�QL�QEB�?O>FK


Pacinian corpuscle

pattern perception

peak

perception

perceptual hypothesis

pheromone

photoreceptor

pinna

pitch

place theory of pitch perception

principle of closure

proprioception

proximity

pupil

retina

rod

Ruffini corpuscle

sensation

sensorineural hearing loss

sensory adaptation

signal detection theory

similarity

stapes

subliminal message

taste bud

temporal theory of pitch perception

thermoception

timbre

QLR@E�OB@BMQLO�QE>Q�ABQB@QP�QO>KPFBKQ�MOBPPROB�>KA�EFDEBO�COBNRBK@V�SF?O>QFLKP

>?FIFQV�QL�AFP@OFJFK>QB�>JLKD�AFCCBOBKQ�CFDROBP�>KA�PE>MBP

>IPL �@OBPQ�EFDEBPQ�MLFKQ�LC�>�T>SB

T>V�QE>Q�PBKPLOV�FKCLOJ>QFLK�FP�FKQBOMOBQBA�>KA�@LKP@FLRPIV�BUMBOFBK@BA

BAR@>QBA�DRBPP�RPBA�QL�FKQBOMOBQ�PBKPLOV�FKCLOJ>QFLK

@EBJF@>I�JBPP>DB�PBKQ�?V�>KLQEBO�FKAFSFAR>I

IFDEQ�ABQB@QFKD�@BII

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IFDEQ�PBKPFQFSB�IFKFKD�LC�QEB�BVB

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C>FIROB�QL�QO>KPJFQ�KBRO>I�PFDK>IP�COLJ�QEB�@L@EIB>�QL�QEB�?O>FK

KLQ�MBO@BFSFKD�PQFJRIF�QE>Q�OBJ>FK�OBI>QFSBIV�@LKPQ>KQ�LSBO�MOLILKDBA�MBOFLAP�LC�QFJB

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QBJMBO>QROB�MBO@BMQFLK

PLRKAsP�MROFQV



top-down processing

transduction

trichromatic theory of color perception

trough

tympanic membrane

umami

vertigo

vestibular sense

visible spectrum

wavelength

FKQBOMOBQ>QFLK�LC�PBKP>QFLKP�FP�FKCIRBK@BA�?V�>S>FI>?IB�HKLTIBADB �BUMBOFBK@BP �>KAQELRDEQP

@LKSBOPFLK�COLJ�PBKPLOV�PQFJRIRP�BKBODV�QL�>@QFLK�MLQBKQF>I

@LILO�SFPFLK�FP�JBAF>QBA�?V�QEB�>@QFSFQV�>@OLPP�QEB�QEOBB�DOLRMPLC�@LKBP

ILTBPQ�MLFKQ�LC�>�T>SB

B>OAORJ

Q>PQB�CLO�JLKLPLAFRJ�DIRQ>J>QB

PMFKKFKD�PBKP>QFLK

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MLOQFLK�LC�QEB�BIB@QOLJ>DKBQF@�PMB@QORJ�QE>Q�TB�@>K�PBB

IBKDQE�LC�>�T>SB�COLJ�LKB�MB>H�QL�QEB�KBUQ�MB>H

Summary

5.1 Sensation versus Perception3BKP>QFLK L@@ROP TEBK PBKPLOV OB@BMQLOP ABQB@Q PBKPLOV PQFJRIF� 0BO@BMQFLK FKSLISBP QEB LOD>KFW>QFLK FKQBOMOBQ>QFLK >KA @LKP@FLRP BUMBOFBK@B LC QELPB PBKP>QFLKP� !II PBKPLOV PVPQBJP E>SB ?LQE >?PLIRQB >KAAFCCBOBK@B QEOBPELIAP TEF@E OBCBO QL QEB JFKFJRJ >JLRKQ LC PQFJRIRP BKBODV LO QEB JFKFJRJ >JLRKQLC AFCCBOBK@B FK PQFJRIRP BKBODV OBNRFOBA QL ?B ABQB@QBA >?LRQ �� LC QEB QFJB OBPMB@QFSBIV� 3BKPLOV>A>MQ>QFLK PBIB@QFSB >QQBKQFLK >KA PFDK>I ABQB@QFLK QEBLOV @>K EBIM BUMI>FK TE>Q FP MBO@BFSBA >KA TE>Q FPKLQ� )K >AAFQFLK LRO MBO@BMQFLKP >OB >CCB@QBA ?V > KRJ?BO LC C>@QLOP FK@IRAFKD ?BIFBCP S>IRBP MOBGRAF@BP @RIQROB �>KA�IFCB�BUMBOFBK@BP�

5.2 Waves and Wavelengths"LQE IFDEQ >KA PLRKA @>K ?B ABP@OF?BA FK QBOJP LC T>SB CLOJP TFQE MEVPF@>I @E>O>@QBOFPQF@P IFHB >JMIFQRAB T>SBIBKDQE >KA QFJ?OB� 7>SBIBKDQE >KA COBNRBK@V >OB FKSBOPBIV OBI>QBA PL QE>Q ILKDBO T>SBP E>SB ILTBOCOBNRBK@FBP >KA PELOQBO T>SBP E>SB EFDEBO COBNRBK@FBP� )K QEB SFPR>I PVPQBJ > IFDEQ T>SBsP T>SBIBKDQE FPDBKBO>IIV >PPL@F>QBA TFQE @LILO >KA FQP >JMIFQRAB FP >PPL@F>QBA TFQE ?OFDEQKBPP� )K QEB >RAFQLOV PVPQBJ >PLRKAsP�COBNRBK@V�FP�>PPL@F>QBA�TFQE�MFQ@E �>KA�FQP�>JMIFQRAB�FP�>PPL@F>QBA�TFQE�ILRAKBPP�

5.3 Vision,FDEQ T>SBP @OLPP QEB @LOKB> >KA BKQBO QEB BVB >Q QEB MRMFI� 4EB BVBsP IBKP CL@RPBP QEFP IFDEQ PL QE>Q QEBFJ>DB FP CL@RPBA LK > OBDFLK LC QEB OBQFK> HKLTK >P QEB CLSB>� 4EB CLSB> @LKQ>FKP @LKBP QE>Q MLPPBPPEFDE IBSBIP LC SFPR>I >@RFQV >KA LMBO>QB ?BPQ FK ?OFDEQ IFDEQ @LKAFQFLKP� 2LAP >OB IL@>QBA QEOLRDELRQ QEBOBQFK> >KA LMBO>QB ?BPQ RKABO AFJ IFDEQ @LKAFQFLKP� 6FPR>I FKCLOJ>QFLK IB>SBP QEB BVB SF> QEB LMQF@ KBOSB�)KCLOJ>QFLK COLJ B>@E SFPR>I CFBIA FP PBKQ QL QEB LMMLPFQB PFAB LC QEB ?O>FK >Q QEB LMQF@ @EF>PJ� 6FPR>IFKCLOJ>QFLK QEBK JLSBP QEOLRDE > KRJ?BO LC ?O>FK PFQBP ?BCLOB OB>@EFKD QEB L@@FMFQ>I IL?B TEBOB FQ FPMOL@BPPBA�

4TL QEBLOFBP BUMI>FK @LILO MBO@BMQFLK� 4EB QOF@EOLJ>QF@ QEBLOV >PPBOQP QE>Q QEOBB AFPQFK@Q @LKB DOLRMP >OBQRKBA QL PIFDEQIV AFCCBOBKQ T>SBIBKDQEP LC IFDEQ >KA FQ FP QEB @LJ?FK>QFLK LC >@QFSFQV >@OLPP QEBPB @LKBQVMBP QE>Q OBPRIQP FK LRO MBO@BMQFLK LC >II QEB @LILOP TB PBB� 4EB LMMLKBKQ�MOL@BPP QEBLOV LC @LILO SFPFLK>PPBOQP QE>Q @LILO FP MOL@BPPBA FK LMMLKBKQ M>FOP >KA >@@LRKQP CLO QEB FKQBOBPQFKD MEBKLJBKLK LC > KBD>QFSB>CQBOFJ>DB��7B�MBO@BFSB�ABMQE�QEOLRDE�>�@LJ?FK>QFLK�LC�JLKL@RI>O�>KA�?FKL@RI>O�ABMQE�@RBP�


5.4 Hearing3LRKA T>SBP >OB CRKKBIBA FKQL QEB >RAFQLOV @>K>I >KA @>RPB SF?O>QFLKP LC QEB B>OAORJ� QEBPB SF?O>QFLKPJLSB QEB LPPF@IBP� !P QEB LPPF@IBP JLSB QEB PQ>MBP MOBPPBP >D>FKPQ QEB LS>I TFKALT LC QEB @L@EIB> TEF@E@>RPBP CIRFA FKPFAB QEB @L@EIB> QL JLSB� !P > OBPRIQ E>FO @BIIP BJ?BAABA FK QEB ?>PFI>O JBJ?O>KB ?B@LJBBKI>ODBA �TEF@E�PBKAP�KBRO>I�FJMRIPBP�QL�QEB�?O>FK�SF>�QEB�>RAFQLOV�KBOSB�

0FQ@E MBO@BMQFLK >KA PLRKA IL@>IFW>QFLK >OB FJMLOQ>KQ >PMB@QP LC EB>OFKD� /RO >?FIFQV QL MBO@BFSB MFQ@EOBIFBP LK ?LQE QEB CFOFKD O>QB LC QEB E>FO @BIIP FK QEB ?>PFI>O JBJ?O>KB >P TBII >P QEBFO IL@>QFLK TFQEFK QEBJBJ?O>KB� )K QBOJP LC PLRKA IL@>IFW>QFLK ?LQE JLK>RO>I >KA ?FK>RO>I @RBP >OB RPBA QL IL@>QB TEBOBPLRKAP�LOFDFK>QB�FK�LRO�BKSFOLKJBKQ�

)KAFSFAR>IP @>K ?B ?LOK AB>C LO QEBV @>K ABSBILM AB>CKBPP >P > OBPRIQ LC >DB DBKBQF@ MOBAFPMLPFQFLK >KA�LO BKSFOLKJBKQ>I @>RPBP� (B>OFKD ILPP QE>Q OBPRIQP COLJ > C>FIROB LC QEB SF?O>QFLK LC QEB B>OAORJ LO QEBOBPRIQ>KQ JLSBJBKQ LC QEB LPPF@IBP FP @>IIBA @LKAR@QFSB EB>OFKD ILPP� (B>OFKD ILPP QE>Q FKSLISBP > C>FIROB LCQEB�QO>KPJFPPFLK�LC�>RAFQLOV�KBOSB�FJMRIPBP�QL�QEB�?O>FK�FP�@>IIBA�PBKPLOFKBRO>I�EB>OFKD�ILPP�

5.5 The Other Senses4>PQB DRPQ>QFLK >KA PJBII LIC>@QFLK >OB @EBJF@>I PBKPBP QE>Q BJMILV OB@BMQLOP LK QEB QLKDRB >KA FK QEBKLPB QE>Q ?FKA AFOB@QIV TFQE Q>PQB >KA LALO JLIB@RIBP FK LOABO QL QO>KPJFQ FKCLOJ>QFLK QL QEB ?O>FK CLOMOL@BPPFKD� /RO >?FIFQV QL MBO@BFSB QLR@E QBJMBO>QROB >KA M>FK FP JBAF>QBA ?V > KRJ?BO LC OB@BMQLOP>KA COBB KBOSB BKAFKDP QE>Q >OB AFPQOF?RQBA QEOLRDELRQ QEB PHFK >KA S>OFLRP QFPPRBP LC QEB ?LAV� 4EBSBPQF?RI>O PBKPB EBIMP RP J>FKQ>FK > PBKPB LC ?>I>K@B QEOLRDE QEB OBPMLKPB LC E>FO @BIIP FK QEB RQOF@IB P>@@RIB >KA PBJF�@FO@RI>O @>K>IP QE>Q OBPMLKA QL @E>KDBP FK EB>A MLPFQFLK >KA DO>SFQV� /RO MOLMOFL@BMQFSB>KA HFKBPQEBQF@ PVPQBJP MOLSFAB FKCLOJ>QFLK >?LRQ ?LAV MLPFQFLK >KA ?LAV JLSBJBKQ QEOLRDE OB@BMQLOPQE>Q�ABQB@Q�PQOBQ@E�>KA�QBKPFLK�FK�QEB�JRP@IBP �GLFKQP �QBKALKP �>KA�PHFK�LC�QEB�?LAV�

5.6 Gestalt Principles of Perception'BPQ>IQ QEBLOFPQP E>SB ?BBK FK@OBAF?IV FKCIRBKQF>I FK QEB >OB>P LC PBKP>QFLK >KA MBO@BMQFLK� 'BPQ>IQMOFK@FMIBP PR@E >P CFDROB�DOLRKA OBI>QFLKPEFM DOLRMFKD ?V MOLUFJFQV LO PFJFI>OFQV QEB I>T LC DLLA@LKQFKR>QFLK >KA @ILPROB >OB >II RPBA QL EBIM BUMI>FK ELT TB LOD>KFWB PBKPLOV FKCLOJ>QFLK� /ROMBO@BMQFLKP�>OB�KLQ�FKC>IIF?IB �>KA�QEBV�@>K�?B�FKCIRBK@BA�?V�?F>P �MOBGRAF@B �>KA�LQEBO�C>@QLOP�

Review Questions

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chapter 5 sensation and perception -...

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