Chapter 5 Section 4 Notes

I. Philip II Builds Macedonia’s Power

A. The Peloponnesian Wars severely

weakened Greece

B. Philip II of Macedonia from the north took

notice

C. Macedonians were considered barbarians by the

Greeks

D. In 359 B.C. Philip II became

king of Macedonia

1. Brilliant general and ruthless

politician

2. Used a 16 man phalanx with a swift

cavalry

E. Demosthenes an Athenian orator

warned the Greeks about a move

by Philip II

Demosthenes                      

(384-322 BC)

F. In 338 B.C. Athens and Thebes

are soundly defeated at the

Battle of Chaeronea

Map of Chaeronea

1. Philip II’s son Alexander the

Great would lead a successful

cavalry charge

G. The Greeks were under the

control of Macedonia

(Hellenistic Age)

H. In 336 B.C. Philip II is murdered at his

daughters wedding and Alexander the

Great became king of Macedonia for the

next 13 years

II. Alexander Defeats Persia

A. Alexander was 20 when he

became king

Alexander the Great

B. He had been schooled by

Aristotle

C. He kept a copy of the Iliad under

his pillow

D. In 335 B.C. Thebes tried to

rebel but he quickly killed 6000 andsold the rest into

slavery

E. In 334 B.C. Alexander attacks

the Persians in Anatolia at the

Hellespont

1. At the Battle of Granicus River

30,000 Men and 5000 Cavalry

2. He would attack Darius III at the

Battle of Issus and would control all of

Turkey

Persian Soldier

3. Alexander would not accept a peace with the Persians

4. Next he would conquered all of

Egypt and build the city of Alexandria,

He would be crowned pharaoh

5. He would now turn east to conquer the rest of Persia at the Battle of Gaugamela and then to the Indus

River

Battle of Gaugamela

a. The cities of Babylon, Susa, and Persepolis yielded

vast amounts of treasures

Persepolis

6. In 327 B.C. Alexander would be in India at the Indus

River

a. Exhausted soldiers yearned

to go home

7. In 323 B.C. he had returned to

Babylon

a. Here he contracted a

serious fever and would die

11 days later

8. His empire would go to the strongest

general

a. Antigonus became king of

Macedonia

b. Ptolemy seized Egypt

c. Seleucus took most of the old Persian Empire