Warring City StatesChapter 5Section 2

VocabPolisAcropolisMonarchyAristocracyOligarchyTyrantDemocracyHelotPhalanx

Persian Wars

Rule and Order in Greek City States750 B.C.E the city-state or polis was the

fundamental political unit in GreecePolis:

Made of city and surrounding countrysidePeople would gather in the agora, (market

place) or the acropolis to discuss politics

Political Structure City-states did not have all the same

governmentMonarchy- ruled by single person- king

Aristocracy-ruled by small group of noble, wealthy land owners

Oligarchy- ruled by a few powerful people

Democracy- ruled by the people

Tyrants Take ControlTyrants were not cruel and harsh

Tyrants came to power by appealing to the common people

Actually when they took power tyrants often set up public works projects in order to give jobs to the poor

Athens Builds a Democracy…Sort of500 B.C.E. Athenian leader Cleisthenes

reforms Athenian law He arranged the citizens into groups based

on where they lived, not social class Allowed any citizen to submit laws to be

debated However; only citizens had these rights:

“free adult male property owners”

Athenian EducationBoys GirlsStudy: reading,

grammar, poetry, history, math, and music

Trained in debate and public speaking

Spent time in athletics everyday

Went to military school to prepare for important citizen duty------DEFEND ATHENS

No schoolStay at homeLearned child rearing,

weaving cloth, preparing meals, managing the house

Most women had very little to do with Athenian life outside the home

Sparta Builds a Military State725 B.C.E Sparta takes over neighboring

lands and turns the Messenians into helots650 B.C.E. the Messenians revolt and the

Spartans are just barely able to put down the revoltIn turn dedicate themselves to becoming

strong city-state

Spartan Daily Life600 – 371 B.C.E Sparta had greatest army in

GreeceCame with a high cost

Spartans did not value the arts or intellectual pursuits

Valued duty, strength, and discipline Men expected to serve in military until 60

Daily life centered around military training From age 7-30 lived in military barracks under

harsh conditions

Spartan Daily Life: WomenWomen would lead a difficult life too

Running, wrestling, playing sports Women also taught to put service to Sparta

above all else“come back with your shield or on it”

Given considerable freedom in the house when men were away at war

Persian Wars