Chapter 5Chapter 5Natural Laws Natural Laws

and and

Car ControlCar Control

GravityGravityWhat is What is gravity?gravity?

the force that pulls things towards the earththe force that pulls things towards the earth

How does gravity affect you when How does gravity affect you when driving?driving?

uphill/downhill driving- shift to a lower gear uphill/downhill driving- shift to a lower gear

What is the What is the “center of gravity”? “center of gravity”? the point at which an objects weight is evenly the point at which an objects weight is evenly

distributed distributed

How does center of gravity affect your car How does center of gravity affect your car and its driving ability? and its driving ability?

How will driving uphill and downhill affect How will driving uphill and downhill affect your stopping distance?your stopping distance?

Which vehicle to the right has the fastest Which vehicle to the right has the fastest stopping ability? why?stopping ability? why?

High Center of Gravity

Low Center of Gravity

Energy of Motion and Stopping DistanceEnergy of Motion and Stopping DistanceWhat 2 things make up What 2 things make up energy of motion? (how an energy of motion? (how an object moves)object moves)

Depends on speed and weightDepends on speed and weight

How does speed affect How does speed affect stopping distance? stopping distance?

SQUARE the change in speed- SQUARE the change in speed- for example:for example:

double the speeddouble the speed = 4 times = 4 times distance to stop (60 ft)distance to stop (60 ft)

triple the speedtriple the speed = 9 times = 9 times distance to stop (135 ft)distance to stop (135 ft)

How does weight affect How does weight affect stopping distance?stopping distance?

Double the weight= 2 times Double the weight= 2 times distance to stopdistance to stop

SPEED WEIGHT

Total Stopping Total Stopping DistanceDistance

Perception DistancePerception Distance= the = the distance you travel while distance you travel while

identifying a situationidentifying a situation++

Reaction DistanceReaction Distance= the = the distance you travel from the distance you travel from the time you identify a hazard time you identify a hazard

and decide to brake and decide to brake ++

Braking Distance= the Braking Distance= the distance you traveldistance you travel from the from the

time you first apply the time you first apply the brakes to a full stopbrakes to a full stop

Braking DistanceBraking Distance

List 7 factors that List 7 factors that affect braking affect braking distance-distance- speedspeed vehicle conditionvehicle condition road surfaceroad surface driver abilitydriver ability ABSABS HillsHills LoadLoad

Traction and FrictionTraction and FrictionWhat controls your car?What controls your car?

steering wheelsteering wheel brake pedalbrake pedal acceleratoraccelerator 4 tires- most important4 tires- most important

What is What is friction?friction?The gripping action that keeps the tire from The gripping action that keeps the tire from slippingslippingWhat is tread?What is tread?

Allows water to flow away from the tireAllows water to flow away from the tire How can you check for TREAD WEAR on your How can you check for TREAD WEAR on your

tires?tires? What affects your cars traction?What affects your cars traction?

treadtreadinflation of tiresinflation of tires

Tire InflationTire InflationMore of the tire is touching More of the tire is touching the surfacethe surface

Outer edges of the tire are Outer edges of the tire are touching the surface- where touching the surface- where would you find the most would you find the most wear and tear?wear and tear?

Center of tire is touching the Center of tire is touching the surface- where would you surface- where would you find the most wear and tear?find the most wear and tear?

Banked CurveBanked Curve

What is a BANKED What is a BANKED CURVE?CURVE? A road built higher on A road built higher on

the outside than on the the outside than on the inside to keep cars on inside to keep cars on the road!the road!

Where else would you Where else would you find a find a BANKED CURVEBANKED CURVE??

Roller Coasters

Race Track

Motorcycle vs CarMotorcycle vs Car

Force of Impact =Force of Impact =speed + weight + dist traveledspeed + weight + dist traveled

Controlling the Force of ImpactControlling the Force of ImpactHow hard one moving object hits another object = force of impactHow hard one moving object hits another object = force of impact

Speed + Weight+ Distance traveled = force of impactSpeed + Weight+ Distance traveled = force of impact

The most important factor in determining how hard an The most important factor in determining how hard an object hits is? object hits is? SPEED- slow down!SPEED- slow down!

What safety features on What safety features on

cars can help control cars can help control

the force of impact? the force of impact?

Show Crash Physics VideoShow Crash Physics Video

SEAT BELT USAGESEAT BELT USAGE

3 collisions occur in a 3 collisions occur in a crash- what are they?crash- what are they?

Turn to the person next Turn to the person next to you and discuss if to you and discuss if YOU THINK THERE YOU THINK THERE SHOULD BE A SHOULD BE A SEATBELT LAW SEATBELT LAW REQUIRING YOU TO REQUIRING YOU TO WEAR A SEATBELT?WEAR A SEATBELT?

WHY OR WHY NOT?WHY OR WHY NOT?

Show seatbelt videoShow seatbelt video

Active Restraints Active Restraints

Until what age do children have to be in some sort of car seat?

safety beltssafety belts car seatscar seats

Passive RestraintsPassive Restraints head restraintshead restraints air bagsair bags bumpersbumpers side door beamsside door beams reinforced windshieldreinforced windshield steering columnsteering column padded dashpadded dash

Side Impact CollisionSide Impact Collision

Safety features?

Crazy CatsCrazy Cats