chapter 5: molecules and compounds. name molecular compounds. name binary acids. name oxyacids...

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Section 4: Naming Molecular Compounds and Acids Chapter 5: Molecules and Compounds

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Page 1: Chapter 5: Molecules and Compounds. Name molecular compounds. Name binary acids. Name oxyacids containing an oxyanion ending in -ate. Name oxyacids

Section 4: Naming Molecular Compounds and Acids

Chapter 5: Molecules and Compounds

Page 2: Chapter 5: Molecules and Compounds. Name molecular compounds. Name binary acids. Name oxyacids containing an oxyanion ending in -ate. Name oxyacids

Learning Goals

Name molecular compounds. Name binary acids.Name oxyacids containing an oxyanion ending in -ate.

Name oxyacids containing an oxyanion ending in -ite.

Page 3: Chapter 5: Molecules and Compounds. Name molecular compounds. Name binary acids. Name oxyacids containing an oxyanion ending in -ate. Name oxyacids

Naming Molecular Compounds

Remember, nearly all molecular compounds form from two or more nonmetals.

Binary (two-element) molecular compound names have the following form:prefix

base name of 2nd element +

ide

name of 1st

element

+ +prefix

+

Page 4: Chapter 5: Molecules and Compounds. Name molecular compounds. Name binary acids. Name oxyacids containing an oxyanion ending in -ate. Name oxyacids

Naming Molecular Compounds

When writing the name of a molecular compound the first element is the more metal-like one

The prefixes given to each element indicate the number of specific atoms present

mono- 1 hexa- 6

di- 2 hepta- 7

tri- 3 octa- 8

tetra- 4 nona-9

penta- 5 deca-10

Page 5: Chapter 5: Molecules and Compounds. Name molecular compounds. Name binary acids. Name oxyacids containing an oxyanion ending in -ate. Name oxyacids

Naming Molecular Compounds

If there is only one atom of the first element, the prefix mono- is normally omitted. CO2

▪ The full name is carbon dioxide.

Page 6: Chapter 5: Molecules and Compounds. Name molecular compounds. Name binary acids. Name oxyacids containing an oxyanion ending in -ate. Name oxyacids

Naming Molecular Compounds

When the prefix ends with a vowel and the base name starts with a vowel, the first vowel is sometimes dropped. Vowel is dropped in monoxide but not in dioxide or triiodide.

Page 7: Chapter 5: Molecules and Compounds. Name molecular compounds. Name binary acids. Name oxyacids containing an oxyanion ending in -ate. Name oxyacids

Naming Molecular Compounds

N2O The entire name is dinitrogen monoxide.

Page 8: Chapter 5: Molecules and Compounds. Name molecular compounds. Name binary acids. Name oxyacids containing an oxyanion ending in -ate. Name oxyacids

Practice

CCl4

BCl3

SF6

N2O4

Page 9: Chapter 5: Molecules and Compounds. Name molecular compounds. Name binary acids. Name oxyacids containing an oxyanion ending in -ate. Name oxyacids

Practice

Write the formulas for each compound:

disulfur tetrafluoride

phosphorus pentafluoride

xenon hexafluoride

Page 10: Chapter 5: Molecules and Compounds. Name molecular compounds. Name binary acids. Name oxyacids containing an oxyanion ending in -ate. Name oxyacids

Naming Acids

The first step in naming an acid compound is identifying it as an acid.

Acids are molecular compounds that form H+ ions when dissolved in water. Acids will always be aqueous (aq)

Page 11: Chapter 5: Molecules and Compounds. Name molecular compounds. Name binary acids. Name oxyacids containing an oxyanion ending in -ate. Name oxyacids

Naming Acids

They are composed of hydrogen, usually written first in their formula, and one or more nonmetals, written second.

Page 12: Chapter 5: Molecules and Compounds. Name molecular compounds. Name binary acids. Name oxyacids containing an oxyanion ending in -ate. Name oxyacids

Naming Acids

We can categorize acids into two groups: binary acids: those containing only hydrogen and a nonmetal

oxyacids: those containing hydrogen, a nonmetal, and oxygen

Page 13: Chapter 5: Molecules and Compounds. Name molecular compounds. Name binary acids. Name oxyacids containing an oxyanion ending in -ate. Name oxyacids

Naming Acids

Binary acids are composed of hydrogen and a nonmetal. The names for binary acids have the following form:

Page 14: Chapter 5: Molecules and Compounds. Name molecular compounds. Name binary acids. Name oxyacids containing an oxyanion ending in -ate. Name oxyacids

Naming Acids

HCl(aq)

hydrochloric acid

HBr(aq)

hydrobromic acid

HCl(g)

refers to hydrogen chloride molecules in the gas phase, and not to the acid.

Page 15: Chapter 5: Molecules and Compounds. Name molecular compounds. Name binary acids. Name oxyacids containing an oxyanion ending in -ate. Name oxyacids

Practice

H2S(aq)

HF(aq)

Page 16: Chapter 5: Molecules and Compounds. Name molecular compounds. Name binary acids. Name oxyacids containing an oxyanion ending in -ate. Name oxyacids

Practice

Write the formula of each compound: hydroiodic acid

hydrofluoric acid

Page 17: Chapter 5: Molecules and Compounds. Name molecular compounds. Name binary acids. Name oxyacids containing an oxyanion ending in -ate. Name oxyacids

Naming Acids

Oxyacids are acids that contain oxyanions, which can be found in the table of polyatomic ions. These acids are a combination of one or more H+ ions with an oxyanion.

The number of H+ ions depends on the charge of the oxyanion, so that the formula is always charge-neutral.

Page 18: Chapter 5: Molecules and Compounds. Name molecular compounds. Name binary acids. Name oxyacids containing an oxyanion ending in -ate. Name oxyacids

Naming Acids

The names of acids containing oxyanions ending with -ite take this form:

H2SO3(aq) contains the sulfite (SO32−) ion

Page 19: Chapter 5: Molecules and Compounds. Name molecular compounds. Name binary acids. Name oxyacids containing an oxyanion ending in -ate. Name oxyacids

Naming Acids

The names of acids containing oxyanions ending with -ate take this form:

HNO3(aq) contains the nitrate (NO3−)

ion

Page 20: Chapter 5: Molecules and Compounds. Name molecular compounds. Name binary acids. Name oxyacids containing an oxyanion ending in -ate. Name oxyacids

Practice

HC2H3O2(aq)

HNO2(aq)

Page 21: Chapter 5: Molecules and Compounds. Name molecular compounds. Name binary acids. Name oxyacids containing an oxyanion ending in -ate. Name oxyacids

Practice

Write the formula for each compound:

Nitric acid

Nitrous acid

Hypochlorous acid

Perbromic acid

Page 22: Chapter 5: Molecules and Compounds. Name molecular compounds. Name binary acids. Name oxyacids containing an oxyanion ending in -ate. Name oxyacids

Page 23: Chapter 5: Molecules and Compounds. Name molecular compounds. Name binary acids. Name oxyacids containing an oxyanion ending in -ate. Name oxyacids

Practice

CO(g)

CaF2(aq)

HF(aq)

Fe(NO3)3(s)

HClO4(aq)

H2SO3(aq)

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