chapter 5: final design challenge engineering design and problem solving

CHAPTER 5: FINAL DESIGN CHALLENGE

Engineering Design and Problem Solving

Copyright © Texas Education Agency 2012. All rights reserved.

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Introduction/Description

The Final Design Challenge will allow students to demonstrate mastery of the engineering design process (EDP) by creating their own unique engineering problem scenario and developing a solution for their problem.

You will complete hand-drawn or CADD diagrams and drawings to scale, build a scale model, write a 10-page paper on the topic, and present a 30-minute multimedia exhibition of your work.


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Chapter 5: Outline

1. Introduction to Engineering Drawing

2. Dimensioning and Tolerance


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Objectives and Results

Objectives Develop a problem scenario and

design a solution using the engineering design process.

Demonstrate understanding of scale diagrams and drawings.


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Objectives and Results, cont.

Objectives Design and build a model or

prototype. Write a 10-page research paper

using proper grammar, spelling, mechanics, and reference citations.

Present information and findings in a 30-minute multimedia exhibition.


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Schedule of Assignments

Class Period(s

)

Topic(s) Reading Assignment

1-2 • The Engineering Design Process- quick review

• Student background of the Final Design Challenge (FDC)

• Vocabulary

Chapter #1-Individual; Final Design Handouts, Vocabulary work

3-12 • Scenario development Chapter #2-In teams of 2-3; Create a scenario, and complete the communication and presentation of your scenario (Major)

13-27 • Scale diagrams and drawings

Chapter #3-In teams of 2-3; Do drawings either by hand or in CADD for your project and build your scale model (Major)

28-47 • Model: design and build Chapter #4-In teams of 2-3; Apply the engineering design process to the scenario given; complete the model for your design following the rubric given (Major)


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Schedule of Assignments, cont.Class

Period(s)

Topic(s) Reading Assignment

48-67 • Paper: research and write Chapter #5-In teams of 2-3; Apply the engineering design process to the scenario given; complete a research paper following the rubric given (Major)

68-77 • Multimedia exhibitions• Presentations: research,

create, and practice

Chapter #6-In teams of 2-3; Apply the engineering design process to the scenario given; complete the communication and presentation of your design following the rubric given (Major)

78-90 • Multimedia exhibitions• Presentations• Shared with peers and public

Chapter #7-In teams of 2-3; Apply the engineering design process to the scenario given; deliver the multimedia presentation of your design following the rubric given (Major)


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Vocabulary

Model Multimedia Presentation Research/Technical

Paper Technical Drawing Visual Aids


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Engineering Problems and Solutions

Often, engineers encounter problems and must solve these problems using the engineering design process.

You and your teammates will be solving similar issues, by creating scenarios and addressing the crucial elements of the engineering design process.

Discuss the engineering problem examples on the next four slides and how these situations could have been avoided.


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Example #1: Leaning Tower of Pisa

One of the most famous engineering errors is obvious in this bell tower in the Italian city of Pisa.

Due to environmental factors that were not considered carefully, the tower leans at a 10-degree angle from perpendicular due to soil compression and inadequate foundation work.


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Example #2: Petronas Towers

This feat of engineering was almost a disaster.

Test boreholes found the original construction site effectively sat on the edge of a cliff.

One half of the site was decayed limestone and the other half was soft rock.

The entire site was moved 200 feet to allow the buildings to sit entirely on the soft rock.


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Example #3: Saint Francis Dam

A series of small reservoirs were built in the 1920s to provide Los Angeles with a water supply in the event of a drought or damage to the aqueduct.

After several design modifications, the dam was constructed differently than it was originally designed.

The dam failed catastrophically in 1928.


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Example #4: Tacoma Narrows Bridge Slender, elegant and graceful, the Tacoma

Narrows Bridge stretched like a beautiful steel band across Puget Sound.

The suspension bridge opened on July 1, 1940. Only four months later, the great span's short life ended in disaster. "Galloping Gertie,” as it was tragically nicknamed, collapsed in a windstorm on Nov. 7, 1940.

The bridge is known as "the most dramatic failure in bridge engineering history."

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j-zczJXSxnw


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Introduction to Student Scenario

This sample scenario should only be used as a guide for your teams to create your scenarios. Your design team is part of an environmental civil

engineering firm that is bidding on a new project to select and propose an alternative energy source to a remote property.

The client just purchased a property on the Baja Peninsula in California. The property is one of the few privately owned waterfronts in the area and it is surrounded by a pristine wildlife sanctuary on one side and ocean on the other.


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Creating a Scale Drawing

A scale drawing is a drawing that shows a real object with accurate sizes.

The sizes are reduced or enlarged by a certain amount (the scale).

The example drawing below has a scale of "1:10."


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Scale Drawing and Ratios

A map cannot be of the same size as the area it represents, therefore, a ratio is used.

Scale of a drawing = drawing length:actual length

A scale is usually expressed in one of two ways: using units

1 cm to 1 km 1” = 1’

using no specific measurements. 1:100,000 1:10


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Scale Drawing in Architecture


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Engineering Drawing


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Scale Drawing Practice

Create a scale model of your classroom and some of the items found in the classroom, such as desks and chairs.

Complete scale drawings for your project. Follow your instructor’s directions to

complete either hand-drawn or CAD drawings of your project according to the scenario, team project outline, and rubric.


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Scale Models

A scale model is a physical model that is an accurate representation of an object or structure. It maintains the related proportions, or the

scale, of the physical size of the original object.

The scale model can be larger or smaller than the actual object.

Usually, the scale model is used as a guide to making the full-sized object.


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Scale Model Examples A model is a three-dimensional (3-D)

alternative to a two-dimensional (2-D) representation.

An example of a scale 3-D model versus a scale drawing is a globe, which is the 3-D alternative to a flat 2-D world map.


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Scale Model Display

This scale model of the Gemini Space Module is on display as part of a NASA exhibit at the George Bush International Airport in Houston, Texas.


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Scale Model Process

From Scale Model To Construction To Completed Building


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Creating a Scale Model

Much like creating a scale drawing, when creating a scale model, you have to consider certain crucial design components, such as measurements (e.g., length, height, width, depth), real life applications, design constraints, design requirements, materials, and scale.

Scale Model Building

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d27tOwET0SU




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Overview of CAD

Computer-aided drafting or computer-aided design (CAD), also known as computer-aided design and drafting (CADD), has changed the way we design and engineer products.

CAD or CADD is the use of computer systems to assist in the creation, modification, analysis, or optimization of a design.

Computer-aided drafting describes the process of creating a technical scale drawing with the use of specially designed computer software.


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CAD

According to the project and scenario specifications, CAD should involve more than just drawing the basics.

Just like in hand drafting or drawing of technical and engineering diagrams, your CAD/CADD print-outs should include additional information, such as materials, processes, dimensions, scale, and tolerances.


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CAD, cont.


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Scenario Creations

In teams, create your scenario for the final design project. Address the following components:

Who? What? When? Where? Why? How? How Much?

Get approval for your scenario from your instructor.

Create a design, model, and prototype.


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Scale Drawings

Using hand-drawings or CADD software, the students will design and build their scale model and prototype.

Each group should be prepared to present the following to the instructor and class:

1. Problem statement and how they solved the problem, using the engineering design process

2. Scenario

3. Original design of the system

4. Working model of the system


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Build a Scale Model

It is important to understand scale, when building a model.

Consider the most appropriate materials for your scale model.

Use the rubric as a guide, as you build your scale model.

Choose whether you will build a scale model or a prototype.


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Research Paper

Write a 5-page research-based paper about your solar energy home design.

Be sure to include the following components: Scenario

Design

Check grading rubric provided.


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Final Design Presentation

Present a 30-minute multimedia exhibition of your work.

See the grading rubric for more specific grading criteria.

View the some the videos below on public speaking before your presentation:

Increasing Self-confidence, Public Speaking Video

Public Speaking Tutorial

Enhancing Your Presentation Skills

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dhE_bCFxDp8

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MyKGbsbipqA

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=whTwjG4ZIJg&NR=1&feature=endscreen


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Credits

Images; http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page

Slide 13Tacoma Narrows Bridge Collapse video; from YouTube user; Gonzo Nugenthttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j-zczJXSxnw

Slide 24Building scale models video; From YouTube user; Steve Maxwellhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d27tOwET0SU

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page






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Credits, cont.

Slide 32 How to increase self-confidence in public speaking: from YouTube user; VideoJughttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dhE_bCFxDp8Public speaking tutorial; from YouTube user: CamilleValvo;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MyKGbsbipqA; Enhancing your presentation skills; from YouTube user; J Douglas Jeffreys;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=whTwjG4ZIJg&NR=1&feature=endscreen







chapter 5: final design challenge engineering design and problem solving

Documents

engineering design process

scenario major13

scenario developmentchapter

scale model major

vocabulary model

multimedia presentation

page research paper

final product